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polscience

political science

QuestionAnswer
what does capitalism rest on? specific cultural and identity aspects
what is open to change? institutions, system structure and actor behavior
what is socially con structured with economic relations? identities, roles and norms
what is the defining feature of global capitalism? exploitation
h stands for? hierarchy of class and states
liberal hegemonic states provide? global public goods
debt relief, forgiveness, reduction creditors and debtors agree on overall reduction of debt
imperialism serves? the core at expanse of periphery
what makes conflict? core and periphery
what determinism? economic
global capitalist emerged when? during fifteenth century
hegemonic states can? structure the system with own interests
what type of gains in liberalism? non-zero-sum and absolute
what shapes actors' interpretations? knowledge, structure and cultural institutions
comparative advantage leads to? specialization with higher efficiency
what do states represent? main class interests
free markets do what? raise gains for everyone leading to competition
liberalism has rational? cooperation and multilateral management for relations
liberalism are? interdependence
social constructivist and feminist world leaders are? deeply moved by norms, values, world views, ideas and roles
mercantilism policies are? tariffs and non-tariffs barriers
marxist political leaders are? capitalists or reps of main social class
mercantilism states are concerned with? economic survival is a possibility of conflict
liberalism political leaders are? rational
mercantilism leaders are? rational
what gains in mercantilism? zero-sum and relative
marxism character of international economic system capitalist and competition for economic power
liberalism character of international economic system anarchy, interdependence, cooperation, institutionalization
feminism and social constructivism character of international economic system depends on peoples view of world, norms rules and identities change behavior and institutions, higher relationship with ideas and material
mercantilism character of international economic system anarchy self-help, hierarchy of states
marxism primary unit social class, state
liberalism primary unit states, egos, ngos, mncs
social constructivism and feminism primary unit individuals and state
mercantilism main unit states
human security is what? new idea that broadens and depends definition of security above understanding
when does disciplinary interest for issues of development raise? during 1960s
first geneva convention 1864, foundation for international humanitarian law
financial contagion spread of crisis around globe
when the financial crisis goes into real economy recession
subprime mortgages are turned into what and sold to who? securities, banks investment funds and pension funds
subprime borrowers? fall behind with payments and default
buildup of housing bubble: by 2006
what does the fed drive? expansionary monetary policies
fed drives? low interest rates to offset problems of new economy and 9/11
Graham-Leach-Billey Act 1999 repeals Glass-Steagal for deregulation and merge to consolidate separate sectors
where did the latest financial crisis start? north in 2008
growing role 4? imf, world bank and private banks
Glass-Steagall Act separates what? commercial, investment and insurance companies
How do commercial banks lower conditionality? easy lending
two principles of debt regime countries with low bop get loans, loans can have conditions
since 1945> mainly multilateral approach and US hegemony
debt restructuring put off payment and raise maturity, more likely in temporary liquidity
north and south perspective debt crisis north threat global financial system and south has development problem
debt crisis country doesn't pass foreign currency reserves to service payments on interest and principal of given loan
1971 us stops converting us gold tariff high on imports
1970s-1980s no capital controls and national/global liberalization of capital markets
two forms of debt crisis: temporary liquidity problem and solvency
1973 free floating of us money
at the end of Bretton Wood banks start? lending money to corporations and low developed
GPE is what? interdicliplinary
GPE explanatory shortcomings of isolated disciplines
no international regime when? during world depression in 1930s
when was eurocurrency developed? 1917
national currencies were? traded and deposited in banks outside country
triffin dilemma liquidity vs. confidence
positive us trade balance till when? 1960s when down balance of payments
due to Bretton Woods regime, us is a? hegemon
dollars held by foreigners exchanged for? gold at thirty five dollars an ounce
gold as scarce as resource limits liquidity? US dollar easier, after 1945 stops liquidity by economic help and military
functioning of monetary regime three things liquidity, confidence and adjustment options
what does voting power depend on? weighed voting so blocked minorities
quotas member states give to pool of money, based on countries economic strength
why do countries impose capital controls? avoid financial speculation and uncontrolled move of money
imf provides? short term loans to areas with balance of payment problems for conditional loans
exchange rates can be? re-adjusted
one ounce of gold is what? 35 us dollars
what two institutions are made in Bretton Woods? international monetary fund, international bank for reconstruction and development
agreed about what with Multi-Fiber Agreement limited trade in textiles slowly gone
three new trade issues general agreement on trade in services, agreement on trade related aspects of property rights, agreement on trade related investment measures
most important part of wto change of the dispute settlement procedures
secretariat was strengthened
changed the regime into what? an international government organization
trade round results in? world trade organization in 1995
what happens with gatt in 1970s? focus on non-tariff barriers to trade
two gatt rules no money restrictions, method of trade rounds
domestic treatment clause once foreign product cleared by customs and duties not treated differently than home made good
most-favored nation principle trade concessions given to a particular country to expand to all other contracting parties
gatt established what? fundamental norm of non-discrimination
gatt was a
how does the orthodoxy incorporate criticism? substantial development, world bank policy but slow changes
thomas malthus's approach to hunger too much population growth and not enough food
critics of orthodoxy approach on hunger claim? enough food, third world makes the food
jen's look at hunger don't have enough to eat, theres enough food
new structures of terrorism make central controlled hierarchal to flat network structures
people are? standing up for what they believe in
human security security of people respect disunity and protect rights
1990's gap high debate for subfields
dependency theorists on gap? persistency and developing inequality and relationship of weak and strong
realist and liberal view on gap? neglected challenges given to well-being by the making of global underdevelopment
poverty is seen as? economic time needed on cash transactions in market for erasing to economic growth
international nongovernmental organization formal international organization of at least three countries
main characteristic of environmental politics? knowledge of interconnection and think globally act locally
why was the un deceleration of human rights central? first time that community tried to say a code for internal government
problems with human development report? unfunded mandate, admonish areas not reaching standards
political security live in society with basic rights freedom from tires to put control over them
personal security protect physical abuse, whether in or out of state
gatt general agreement on tariffs and trade
protectionism variety of political moves to safe domestic companies from better foreign companies
what happened in 1970s about trade? gains to lower barriers
the period of high growth ends so? high inflation
damage due to us actions in 1965? not want for goods and services, not want us dollar, other countries have higher involvement
what did the us do after 1965? widened military in vietnam, more for public education
what is the main focus of international political economy? what moves and explains events in the world economy
technological revolution how modern communications distance and location lower important
us role in managing world economy marshall plan and dollar standard
trade liberalization removal leave of barriers to free trade
three institutions planned at bretton woods international monetary fund, world band and general agreement on tariffs and trade
why was there a meeting at bretton woods? no great depression again, rebuild war torn economies of europe
world trade organization permanent, large agenda
when was cross-border trade greatest? start of twentieth
commerce began? countries and millenniums ago
cross border movements of? people goods money investments messages and ideas
wto world trade organization in 1995
imf international monetary fund
gatt general agreement on tariffs and trade
g-20 nineteen countries and european union
g-8 group of eight semiformal collaboration on world economic problems
what helped to cause the great depression? capitalism of roaring twenties
coordination cooperation with parties to do common idea to avoid together unwanted thing form different ideas
institutionalizes say? states will make institutions to better get gains by policy coordination and cooperation
what are countries forced to do? get free market ways as a coalition of debt reschedulitn and want of new investment
aarnus convention north american and european allow people to get info by government, policy decisions and juridical ways
what gains in mercantilism? zero sum and relative
global environmental falicility fund environmental projects in developing countries
marxist ideal of the environmental regime study global capitalism and how it hurts environment
embedded liberalism free trade but good role for state intervention for national security and stability
economists mainly look at? female poverty and women's roles
orthodox core assumptions and ideas chance for unlimited money rise in free markets
us vs. ussr aide us is liberal growth ussr is centralized so industry and growth
washington consensus idea of main opinion makers that global welfare would be risen by universal put of neoliberal economics
1973 free flotation of us dollar
subprime mortages and turned into what and sold to whom? securities, banks investment funds and pension funds
countries with low national income seen as less developed than those with higher
how do ngos give to human security? warn about fights, provide relief actions, support government missions
what is open to change? institutions, system structure and actor behavior
what does capitalism rest on? specific culture and identity aspects
human security is? new idea that broadens and deepens definition of security above understanding
financial contagion spread of crisis around globe
at the end of bretton woods why do banks start? lending money to corporations and under developed
1970s to 1980s no capital controls and national and global liberalization of capital markets
what does voting power depend on? weighted voting, blocked minorities
liberalism primary unit states, igos ngos mncs
alternative core ideas and assumptions sufficiency, nature diversity, human acitivity
orthodox view on poverty time suffered by people not money to buy food and like other basic needs
poverty measurement orthodox economic growth, gap, industrialization
what do groups demand? release of prisioned members in other areas
after the cold war it seemed like? more equal way to human rights may come
subprime borrowers? fall behind with payments
growing concern for? negative impact of defense on development
community security loss of traditional relationships and values
alternative view process bottom up participatory
gold as scarce resource limits liquidty? us dollar easier
social constructivism and feminism primary unit individuals and state
standards seem to be? come form natural law general terms
end of cold war best time for humanitarian activism
one uncertain feature of liberal position point on which the rights are universal
north and south perspective debt crisis north: threat global financial system south: development problem
global polarization increasing
two modern approaches to save universal rights talk of wrongs and based on culture
growing role for? imf, world bank and private bank
how do commercial banks lower conditionality easy lending
gpe is what? interdiscliplinary
alternative conception of development idea need based, endogenous, self reliant, eco well, structure changes
the orthodox liberal assessment claims what? states that integrate have fast growth
orthodox view of development rely on western expert knowledge
why did south africa abstain no political rights to higher people, not say all are born free
bank changes due to? ngo tries to watch work and do upper campaigns to change workdays and funding
traditional look on gap? issues relating to war, security and development
graham leach billey act repeals glass steagal
globalization has caused? industry to south
what did the assessments say? international community don't try to do what they planned in conference and mainstream concerns
marxism what determinism? economics
mercantilism: states are concerned with? economic survival
why do countries impose capital controsl avoid financial speculation and uncontrolled move of money
if globalization lower role at state in world economy? yes no control interactions
constructivist view on institutions not rational
deregulation remove all regulation so market forces control economic developments
foreign direct investment capital speculation by people or groups of one country to markets or industries
recent decades have seen? wide spread of borders to money flows
floating exchange rates market chooses what real value of currency vs. other currencies
fixed exchange rates price a currency wil get in hard currency
under the gold-dollar standard regime? major currencies worldwide and converted at fixed exchange rate
what happens in open borders? global things replace all international things
clean development mechanism relations of development and developing countries
terrorism to? save identity
what do many fundamentalist groups believe? violence is the only way to keep traditions and values vs. cultural west
what does culture explain? why islam's call for fight is good in underdeveloped countries
has has globalization changed securities markets? bonds and stocks leave territory, investor portfolios have transborder
you can get a loan in a country and deposit it in another
religious terrorists kill themselves and others because they think rewarded in death
realists view on institutionalists don't agree, show wants of main states when work together
jihad better muslim or make society follow koran
globalization rose mulsims do allow western beliefs or keep their spirtual by fighting
new terrorists groups and people to new ideas and system level goods
how is terrorist violence motivated? inequalities of global economy
why would people do violence for political criminal ways/ cannot do what wished
what leads to economic uprising? political leaders choices to deregulate or privatize industries to globally
ethnonatinalist separatist terrorists decolonization
left-wing terrorists communist time
four types of terrorist groups left-wing, right wing, ethnonationalist, religuous
how is terrorism classified? use of violence
largest problems with terrorists find terrorists and keep away from supporters
controversy of state leaders on how to deal with terrorism is way of threat and what should be done
ways states fight terrorism make antiterrorist laws take stop security ways and make forces
what gives terrorists mobile advantages lower size and higher abilities of electronic commerce
sleeper cells group of people remain lower in main area until messaged to do mission
where are the stages located in global production? spread out among different scattered areas
what a does international political economy try to explain? makes and moves institutions and what impacts institutions have on economy
world bank group five agencies promotes development in medium and low income countries with loans and programs
when does transborder production happen? one process widely disperse areas in and among countries
member states of wto agree on what? lower tariffs and eliminating non tariff barriers member states must enforce
globalizing economy? ways of production trade and buy have been separated from territories
capital controls monetary policy device government uses to regulate flows in and out of capital account
restrictions on cross-border economic activity are? trade restrictions and capital controls?
global community must what though terrorism? use resources they have together to lower support and sow wrongness of messages and wants
terrorism strategy used by people and groups around world to try to change what they think is wrong
unfccc climate change common problem
benefits from climatic changes? russia temperature is suitable for farming
there is marked what in the gap regional diversity
six factors to say who goes hungry north south line, how wealth shared, rural urban bias, social class, gender, age
why was there disagreement over kyotot protocol? no consensus from scientists
how was globalization touched banking? number of deposits, start of bank lending, rise of branch networks, start of transworld funds
what has been encouraged by spread of global money? development of global production and global markets
how have supra territorial markets developed? through electronic commerce
must international trade involves? global goods
a distinguishing trait of manufacturing center? rely on female labor
why is it tough to evaluate policies used by human security large and fought nature of human security
women in combat suport logistics, cia
five parts of gender and human security violence against women and girls, gender inequalities, gender when decisions, women's rights, women act as not victim
what accounts for a significant amount of population growth? world's poorest countries
downward trend in armed conflicts growing democracy, higher economic interdependence
most powerful challenge to human security? war on terror by us
if you are ill treated by nonconstituional regime? persecutor weak or not important
institutionalist rational choice state talk with other state
constructivism given states interest acts understand own wants
political-economy approach study of talks among states and actors and market at home and foreign level
us uses what approach? rational choice
marxist competition between classes
liberal free market
institutions world markets and countries local firms and institutional groups trade with rules norms lays groups and ways
international criminal court lasting exercise ruling for serous crimes
the 2008 finical crisis subprime mortgages in the united states
what could countries do if balance of payment imbalances get emergency assistance from international monetary trade
imperialism serves? the core at expanse of periphery
war is a large source of? economic turmoil disease and habitat rid
components of liberal account of rights life liberty land and speech, government project
what does a right mean? generally wanted state of affairs
conditionality regional lending groups need recipient government allow certain policies to get loan or aid
marxism conflict ? core and periphery
functions of wto agreements, forum for talks handle disputes watch policies give technical help
globalization for sets of ways in economy internationalization technology revolution rise up deterriorializatoin
liberalization government policies lower role of state in economy
instituionalist idea on globalization institutions erase gaps in markets say states rational and higher decisions to work together
right wing terrorists skinheads in europe
intrafirm trade international trade from one branch of tic to another or same company different country
nations must vulnerable to climate change? developing nations
the net result economic western imperialism
how is national security more important same sovereignty and territory integrity
mercantilist realists zero sum
us and european policies moved growth for global capital markets and money flows
with the end of the cold war possible that even way for human rights
un rôle in human security risen peacekeeping group
what does the h stand for hierachy
ecological footprint show road put on earth's capacity by individuals or nations
character of international economic system: liberalism anarchy, interdependence, cooperation, institutionalization
first geneva convention foundation for international humanitarian law
when the finical crisis goes into real economy recession
mercantilism main unit states
when was eurocurrency developed 1917
contemporary globalization of trade and finance causes? higher unemployment lower standards
open world economy will give what? prosperity, liberty democracy and peace
cross border transactions global companies still do most business in own country, keep national character and allegiances, stay heavily dependent on success of business
washington consensus idea of important opinion makers in dc
two principles of debt regime countries with low bop get loans and loans can have conditions
move for human security advanced by? several commissions
liberalism is comparative to? specialization
social construcitivist and feminist world leaders are/ deeply moved by norms values world views ideas roles
imf provides? short term loans to areas with imbalance of payment problems
trade round results in? world trade organization
in contrast to pre ww1 and interwar periods states agree to make international groups to handle economic relations
trade general agreement on tariffs and trade
emissions trading market creation for right to pollute plans feel rights for carbon dioxide companies
global commons area and things no thy national sovereignty or one country but entire world
agreed about what in multi fiber agreement limited trade in textiles slowly gone
what happens with gatt in 1970s focus on non tariff barriers to trade
gatt established what fundamental norm of non discrimination
most important part of wto change of the dispute settlement procedures
millennium development goals time limited number targets in eight areas: poverty health gender education environment and development
some believed human rights after 1945 made siad parts of pol, social and economic ways and rules
humantarian intervention use of military force by external factors to end a threat to people in sovereign area
national liberation doctrine promoted by soviets that encouraged anti western moves in developing areas
humanitarian measures exist how in context in which ideas of sovereignty and nonintervention granted and not overridden
how have governments gotten actively external business? lower corporate tax rates
open border transactions globalization progressive removal of official restrictions on trades of resources in countries
flaws to terrorist violence due to economic globalization personal wealth and social upbringing
one thing concerns counter terrorists future events using weapons of mass destruction
what guides the wto? multilateral free trade better than bilateral
measurement of alternative view fulfill basic things and nonmaterial needs
what are structural adjustment mean? fast measures to lower inflation, government funds, government in economy
what type of gains non zero sum and absolute
embedded liberalism want of liberal economic policies with possibility of government to intervene if crisis
five counter terrorism policies military actions, law enforcement, undermine economic resources, higher intercultural talk, higher weak failed states
changed the regime into what? an international government organization
human security challenges what? state centric idea of individual
transnational terrorism groups did? made and did own attacks or made many from one area
the production of susbtience crops has? lowered since 1945 due to farmers going for cash crops
liberal hegemonic states provide what global public goods
what is the defining feature of global capitalism exploitation
what is socially construced with economic relations identities roles and norms
marxism character of international economic system capitalist and competition for economic power
feminism and social constructivism character of international economic system depends on peoples view of world, norms rules and identities change behavior and institutions
mercantilism character of international economic system anarchy, self help and hierarchy of states
buildup of housing bubble by 2006 housing prices dropping
where did the latest finical crisis start north 2008
debt crisis country can't pass foreign currency reserves to service payments on interest and principal of given loan
1971 us stops converting us gold tariff higher on imports
debt resturucturing put off payment to raise maturity
dollars held by foreigners exchanged for? gold at 35 dollars an ounce
due to bretton woods us is a ? hegemon
no international regime when? during world depression in 1930s
positive us trade balance til? 1960s
national currencies were? traded and disputed in banks outside country
hegemonic states can? structure the system by own interests
what shapes actors knowledge, structure and cultural institutions
what do states represent? main class interests
free markets do what? raise gains for everyone for competition
liberalism has rational? cooperation and multilateral management for relations
liberalism are? interdependence
marxist political leaders are? capitalists or reps of main social class
liberalism political leaders are? rational
mercantilism leaders are? rational
secretariat was strengthened
why did saudi arabia abstain? religuously
one ounce of gold is? 35 us dollars
what two institutions are made in bretton woods? international monetary fund and international bank for reconstruction and development
exchange rates can be? re adjusted
quotas member states given to pool of money
fixed exchange rates ends 1971 to floating exchange rates
what does political economy investigate mix between politics and economics
gatt was a technical contract
marxism primary unit social class, state
what does the fed drive? expansionary monetary policies
debt relief, forgiveness reduction creditors and debtors agree on overall reduction of debt for potential solvency
human development can improve lives
global political economy global perspective
three explanations of terrorism cultural, economic, religion
consequences of us food regime no food stamps, cheap imports and cash crops
most favored nation principle trade concession given to a particular country to expand to all other contracting parties
domestic treatment clause once foreign product cleared by customs and duties not treated different than home made good
why did the soviets abstain not always, not enough attention to social and economic rights
al queda osama bin laden, religious group fighters swear to laden
how did terrorists keep viewer interest? spectacular attacks
joint implementation developed land get credits vs. target by financing in another country
un framework convention on climate change 1992 lower greenhouse case and carbon into ground
why is climate change not a normal problem huge changes in living conditions and existing use of energy and security
why was antarctic science crucial? find thinning of ozone layer, protect earth and people damage uv rays
why are there environmental regimes? commons not private owned substitute for world government
why is enforcement hard? want for users to take more or not be kept by contract
intergovernmental panel on climate change climate science, impacts and economic and social dimensions
climate change change in stat distribution of weather over time
what does international environmental cooperation rely on? together scientific understanding
precautionary procedure if likelihood of damage stop it not need full profit
what was the un earth summits important for? establishing environmental norms
1973 convention on international trade for endangered species watch control stop trade in species who may be at risk by trade
example of agreement on environment more of hazardous wastes and chemicals protect health and environment
what causes need for international cooperation animals fish water pollution goes into national lands
there and ever problem of warfare on environment lower of ecosystems
realist view on regimes end of cold war
alternative view of development participatory, rely on good knowledge and technology
substance methods survival is to give for one and one's family by comity access to water land and fodder
purpose of the alternative view make human well being through good sources in social cultural political money terms
the third world countries believed? the western lifestyle an away of economic organization was best
how have other viewpoints grown in popularity through social movements
global governance regulation and coordination of transnational issue areas by nation states international and regional groups and private agencies
what did groups form? short term friendships of want on weapons abilities and money to raise objectives
after the second world war? recovery is lower in pollution of air water and seas
the environmental concerns before globalization conserve natural resources and damage by pollution
specialized agencies international institutions with special bond in un but independent
try to explain environmental regimes do what? together raise from solutions to giving public things
2002 world summit on sustainable development change since the 70's
1992 un conference on environnent and development largest conference, conventions on change
environmental degradation 1990s makes awareness of? new pollution forms
why was the environment put to the back of the agenda? global economic fail 1970s and start of the second cold war
skyjackings take over of plane to get hostages and use them to bargain for goal
three factors that led to start of transnational terrorism? raise of air travel, availability of news, and raise of political idea wants in extremists
globalization is linked to terrorism why? transfer of goods services and info by technology
transnational terrorist groups use there global and transnational money, transportation and communication ways to do and keep organizations
how should terrorist groups get change higher responses act as move for change or lower opponent's morals
what is terrorism made to do? get political change for getting power to fix a thought wrong
who do some people view terrorist acts as legit only if meet standards with just war made in europe
why is it hard to say what actions legit terrorism? legit terrorist ways and ideas
asymmetiric conflict guerrilla warfare, civilian attacks
how can the attempts of government to address hunger be put into? categories
us believes human rights are a set of particular social choices don't need to be thought as binding by whose values are different
universalism spread basic human rights for all people
france didn't go to rwanda at first why? state leaders still had statism
realist view of humanitarian activism states only risk soldiers to defend national interest
cnn effect move government to intervene but make public hate and leave
domestic public opinion does what? higher role in moving policy makers to use force for purposes
why has people's security risen? rise of civil wars and conflict
common security noncompetitive way to get security
guerrilla wars convicts with irregular forces
how to keep security give things together remain moving use coded messages
terrorist groups without security discovery and find
terrorist way of empowerment put tracts on messages in www
secular terrorism fix flaws in society but keep overarching system
standards of civilization? 19th century European rule on which values and beliefs make land civilized or not
charter rights civil freedoms given in written document
alternative view of poverty time suffered by people don't get material and nonmaterial needs
natural law humans are essential to nature certain things are always wanted
genocide deliberate and systematic killing of ethnic, national, tribal, religious group
environmental security protect form short and long term damage of nature man made threats and lower environment
health security minimum protection from diseases and unhealthy ways
food security all people all times have physical and economic access to food
economic security basic income for people or form safety net
human security security of people physically economically socially dignity respect and protect rights
two problems with universal declaration nonbinding on member states and origin in Europe
universal deceleration on human rights no torture, opinion law immigrate land school and job
why was a universal position on human rights felt necessary? horrors of ww2
poverty process orthodox top down, rely on western
liberalization government policies lower role of state in economy
there is no alternative muse be central so market economy
third idea of globalization ways where social relations put to certain economic areas get relatively distance less and boarderless
brandt report looked at how and why respond to interdependence and development
when does dicliplinary interest for issues of development rise? during 1960s
functioning of monetary regime liquidity, confidence, and adjustment options
europeans put what? required areas to respect european legal ideals before full membership
trail smelter case reduce pollution in boundaries
mercantilism policies are? tariffs and non tariff barriers
glass steagal act separates what commercial investment and insurance companies
how does global commons face downward? fish and whales
post washington consensus economic growth by trade liberalization with pro lower growth and poverty leave policies
three new trade issues gats, agreement on trade related aspects of property rights and agreement on trade related investment measures
washington consensus belief global welfare rise by liberalization of trade money and investment and changing of national economies to give for capital
internationalization rise in transactions in states
during the second world war what did the allies believe protectionist trade policies of 30s
unctad un conference on trade and development
Created by: ricecakes244
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