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Nutrition 4-Extra
Vitamins/Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | retinol-animal, carotene-plant. |
| Function Of Vitamin A | Normal Vision, healthy skin bones and teeth, fights infection, Antioxidant |
| Deficiency Of vitamin A | Night blindness, keratosis, lowers resistance skin changes, reduced growth. |
| Toxicity Of vitamin A | headache, blurred vision, bone & joint pain, dry skin, poor appetite, yellow skin, death |
| Food Sources Vitamin A | retinol-liver, milk, egg yolk, butter, fish, liver oil, yellow foods, dark green leafy vegetables, rfuits |
| Vitamin D | calciferol "sunshine vitamin" |
| Function Of Vitamin D | enables body to utilize and retain calcium and phosphorous, builds strong bones and teeth, can be manufactured by the body is exposed to sunshine for 10-15 minutes 3 times per week. |
| Deficiency of vitamin D | rickets, muscle cramps, tetany related to low calcium absorption |
| toxicity of vitamin D | kidney stones |
| Food sources of vitamin D | fish oils, fortified milk |
| Vitamin E | tocopherol |
| Function of Vitamin E | antioxidant, forms RBC's, muscle tissue, possible functions: increased sexual potency, decrease aging, senility and may prevent MI (heat attack) |
| deficiency of Vitamin E | can cause breakdown of RBC's and anemia |
| Toxicity of Vitamin E | can have excessive bleeding |
| Food sources of Vitamin E | vegetables oils, whole grains, green vegetables, milk, meats, and fish. |
| Vitamin K | phlloquinine( menadione) |
| Function of Vitamin K | essentail of normal clotting of blood, must be present in liver for prothrombin production |
| Deficiency of vitamin K | Unlikey in adults, newborns lack bacteria in intetine, cannot produce prothrombin beeded for clotting and are givin injections(aquamephyton) |
| toxicity of vitamin k | jaundice in infants |
| food source of vitamin k | dark green leafy vegetables, liver, dairy products |
| Vitamins with antioxidants | A,C,E |
| Vitamin C | ascorbic acid |
| function of vitamin c | wound and fracture healing, increases iron absorption, functions as antioxidant, helps resist infections |
| deficiency of vitamin C | scurvy, abnormal formation of bones and teeth, dry skin, anorexia |
| toxicity of vitamin c | kidney stones, blood disorders |
| food sources of vitamin c | fresh raw fruits and vegetables, citurs fruits, tomatoes, potatoes |
| B1 | Thiamine |
| function of Vitamin B1 | metabolism if CHO, normal appetite and digestion proper nerve function |
| Deficiency if vitamin B1 | anorexia, indigestion, constipation, berberi, muscle fatigue, and anxiety. Tea and raw fish destroy 50% of thiamine. |
| toxicity of vitamin B1 | unknown |
| food sources of vitamin B1 | whole grains, liver, pork, wheat germ, and yeast. (This vitamin is lost in miling process and must be added back. (enriched) to flour required by government) |
| Vitamin B2 | riboflavin |
| Function of vitamin B2 | normal growth, metabolism of protein, healthy mucous membranes |
| deficiency of vitamin B2 | cracking, sores, around mouth and nose, aneroxia, weight loss, difficulty swallowing and visual problems. |
| toxicity if vitamin B2 | unknown |
| food sources of vitamin B2 | whole grains and cerals, milk, liver, and green leafy vegetables. (Foods loose some of their riboflavin if exposed to sunlight) |
| vitamin B3 | niacin |
| function of vitamin B3 | normal growth, healthy skin, normal appetite and digestion, can be taken to lower cholesterol |
| deficiency of vitamin B3 | pellagra-3 D's (Dermaitis, diarrhea, dementia) |
| toxicity of vitamin B3 | hot flashes, liver disorders |
| food sources of vitamin B3 | enriched breads, fish, turkey, beef, legumes |
| vitamin B5 | pantothenic acid |
| function of vitamin B3 | cellular metabolism needed to manufracture adrenal hormones and chemical needed to regulate nerve function. May slow aging process. |
| deficiency of vitamin B3 | unlikely |
| toxicity if vitamin B3 | may increase the need for thiamine |
| food sources of vitamin B3 | animal tissue, whole grain cerals and legumes, and is manufactured by intestinal bacteria. |
| B6 | Pyridoxine |
| Function of B6 | protein metabolism, RBC formaction, nerve and brain function, helps manufacture antibidies and MAY relieve PMS symptoms and treat prostate inflammation |
| deficiency of B6 | needs are increased 1. during pregnancy 2. periods of stress 3. if taking birth control pills 4. if taking INH to treat TB 5. Exposure to radiation (cancer treatment) |
| toxicity of B6 | never damage, numbness/tingling in hands and feet and clumsiness |
| food sources of B6 | whole grain cereals, wheat germ, organ meats and potatoes |
| B12 | Cobalamin |
| Function of B12 | essential for RBC's, INTRINSIC FACTOR a gastric secretion necessary for the absorption needed to maintain myelin |
| Deficiency of B12 | pernicious anemia, moodiness, confusion |
| Toxicity of B12 | unknown |
| Food sources of B12 | meak, milk, eggs, cheese, yeast, soy milk for vegetarians. This is the only water soluble vitamin stored in the liver |
| The only water soluble Vitamin stored in the liver? | B12 |
| Function of biotin | metabolism of glucose and fatty acids and normal body chemistry |
| deficiency of biotin | rare except in infants or adults on long term TPN |
| toxicity of biotin | unknown |
| food sources of biotin | liver, kidney, egg yolk, tomatoes. |
| Folic Acid | Folate |
| function of folic acid | essential part of all body cells, part of DNA, cell renewal and growth. |
| Deficiency of folic acid | neural tube defects, anemia, bleeding gums, diarrhea, weight loss |
| toxicity if folic acid | can cause seziures in epileptics |
| food sources of folic acid | liver, dark green leaft vegetables, Beans, oranges, cantaloupe and asparagus |
| calcium | must have vitamin D for absorption, need most calcium in childhood, pregnancy and lactation |
| function of calcium | strong bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle function, heart action, nerve transmission |
| deficiency of calcium | muscle tetany, rickets in children, osteoporosis in adults |
| toxicity of calcium | kidney stones, calcium deposits in muscle tissue |
| food sources of calcium | milk, cheese, dark green leafy vegetables, whole grain, and egg yolk |
| function of phosphorus | strong bones and teeth, metabolism, maintain acid-base balance |
| deficiency of phosphorus | bone loss, poor growth |
| toxicity of phosphorus | hinders body's ability to absorb calcium |
| food sources of phosphorus | carbonated soft drinks, milk cheese, meat, egg yolk |
| function of sodium | maintains extracellular water balance, nerve and muscle function |
| deficiency of sodium | weakness, nerve disorders, muscle cramps, loss of weight due to loss of water |
| toxicity of sodium | water retention, thirst |
| food sources of sodium | cured meats, canned and processed foods, cheese, table salt, baking powder |
| function of potassium | normal muscle function, especially the heart, acid-base balance and fluid balance |
| deficiency of potassium | muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias and is assoicated with diuretic therapy |
| toxicity of potassium | nausea, diarrhea, arrhythmias |
| food sources of potassium | potatoes, oranges, banana's, whole grain cereals, dried peas, beans and instant coffee |
| function of magnesium | formation of bones and teeth trasmission of nerve impulses |
| deficiency of magnesium | muscle weakness, twitching, cardiac arrythmias |
| toxicity of magnesium | nervous system disorders, can be fatal to kidney pts |
| food sources of magnesium | whole grains, nuts, milk, meat |
| function of chlorine | maintain acid-base balance, aids in digestion (gastric hydrochloric acid) |
| deficiency of chlorine | unknown |
| toxicity of chlorine | gastric upset--reflux |
| food sources of chlorine | table salt |
| function of sulfa | essential part of cell protein, hair skin, nails |
| deficiency of sulfa | unknown |
| toxicity of sulfa | unknown |
| food sources of sulfa | animal protein, meat, milk, cheese, eggs |
| function on iron | essential for making hemoglobin-the red part of blood that carries oxygen to the cells |
| deficiency of iron | Iron deficiency enemia- |
| toxicity of iron | toxic buildup in liver and pancreas |
| food sources of iron | liver, organ meats, whole grains, and green vegetables |
| function of iodine | essential for the proper function of thyroid glad |
| deficiency of iodine | goiter, hyperthyroidism, cretinism |
| toxicity of iodine | hyperthyroidism |
| food sources of iodine | iodized salt and seafood |
| function of zinc | aids in digestion, helps with insulin function, would healing, sense of taste and smell |
| deficiency of zinc | diarrhea, skin rash, impaired sense of taste |
| toxicity of zinc | rare |
| food sources of zinc | shellfish, oysters, meats, milk, egg, whole grain |
| function of copper | must be present for iron to make RBC's |
| deficiency of copper | iron deficiency enemia |
| toxicity of copper | rare |
| food sources of copper | liver, seafood, whole grains, legumes, nuts, |
| function chromium | metabolism of glucose |
| deficiency of chromium | possible link to cardiovascular disease and diabetes |
| toxicity of chromium | unknown |
| food sources of chromium | whole grains, and cerals |
| function of fluoride | strong bones and teeth, helps prevent dental carries, and prevent osteoporosis |
| deficiency of fluoride | dental carries |
| toxicity if fluoride | too much in water supply, discolortaion of teeth turns them brown |
| food sources of fluoride | fluoridated water, fish, tea, eggs |
Created by:
ashleyh5809
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