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History Final t1p2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was Hongwu's philosophy for ruling China? | tightly centralized, Ming Dynasty, kicked out all Mongols + foreigners, trade within China and Confucian schools, Chines cultural revival |
| Who was Ibn Battuta? | a well known traveler who spread Islamic law, adviser of the Sultanate of Delhi, Qudi (Islamic jurist), spread to India and Maldive Islands |
| Where did the Renaissance artists get their inspiration? | from the Crusades, the Muslims brought over Roman, Greek, and Latin texts |
| What were the effects of the plague? | massive population loss, disrupted economies, massive labor shortage, social unrest, inflamed lymph nodes + death within a few days, killed 60-70% of ppl infected |
| Where did the plague begin? | China - Yunnan region in the Southwest |
| How did the Aztecs view human sacrifice? | gods created the world through their own blood sacrifice, so people had to give blood to gods to keep the world going. essential to world's survival |
| What was the capital of the Aztec empire? | Tenochtitlan |
| Aztec political/administrative structure | rigidly hierarchical aristocracy, military elite get all honors and awards, anyone could be a warrior and improve their social standing but elite got more training, no buerocracy, priests were elite also |
| What was the last Islamic city in Spain? | Granada |
| What was the effect of the crusades on trade? | large scale exchange of ideas between europle and Islam, reintegration of West Europe into Eastern hemisphere |
| Which Pope started the crusades? | Pope Urban II |
| Where did the Hanseatic League do most of its trading? | Baltic and North Sea |
| What happened to urbanization during the high middle ages? | it increased due to rapid population growth from new agricultural crops + tools + land |
| What territory did William of Normandy conquer in 1066? | England |
| What was the investiture contest? | controversy over the appointment of church officials, emperors used to name church officials but Pope Gregory VII excommunicated the emperor and ended this. The emperor came back but with much less strength |
| What was the biggest obstacle to the rise of a powerful Holy Roman Empire? | The Papacy |
| What effect did the conversion of east Africans to Islam have on local traditions? | put them into Islamic world (more trade), they built their native religions and customs into Islam |
| Under whose leadership did Mali reach its peak? | Mansa Musa |
| How did early sub Saharan African societies organize themselves politically? | stateless society, governed themselves through family and kinship |
| Why was Mali such a wealthy kingdom in west Africa? | they controlled and taxed trade, especially controlling the GOLD |
| What was the Mongol effect on trade? | they facilitated + increased trade, making trade routes secure. Much more trade throughout Eurasia |
| Who did Marco Polo hang out with in China? | Khubilai Khan |
| Why did Chinggis Khan invade the Khwarazm empire? | the Saljuq Turks were ruling and GK sent diplomats but they were slaughtered, so GK attacked |
| How did Chinggis Khan build a strong united army from warring tribes? | he separated people from the same clan into separate military units to discourage mutiny |
| What was the Mongols central Asia capital? | Karakorum |
| What was the most important relationship in feudalism? | lords and retainers |
| Who was political power in the hands of during the medieval society of Europe? | local nobles called lords |
| Where was the westernmost point of Viking expansion? | Newfoundland |
| Who can Charlemagne be compared to when considering his restoration of temporary centralized political rule? | King Harsha of India |
| Which Frankish rule converted to Christianity and formed an alliance with the Pope? | Clovis |
| What happened to political rule in Europe after the collapse of western Roman authority? | Feudalism |
| Where did Charles Martel defeat the Islamic forces in 732? | Battle of Tours, vs. Muslim invaders from Spain, Martel ruler of the Franks |
| What was the Bhakti movement? | cult of love and devotion, wanted to erase the distinction between Hindu and Islam, taught that gods were all one, originated in the South |
| What role did Hindu temples play in Indian society? | economic and social centers, organized agriculture, work, irrigation, held food, schooled youth, banks, owned large amounts of land |
| What were the effects of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni? | his successors made the Sultunate of Delhi, he raided India and destroyed Buddhist+Hindu sites |
| Who was the Buddhist emperor who reunited India? | King Harsha |
| Why was southern India more stable than northern India? | the North had invaders (Nomadic Turks) who eventually integrated into the society, they had turbulent politics. South had loosely administered states |
| Who finally conquered the Southern Song dynasty? | the Mongol leader Khubilai Khan. The north was taken over by the Jurchen mongols |
| How did Song Taizu weaken the Chinese military? | he payed government employees more, using up all the money. leaders of the military were scholars with no real training. |
| Imperial Service Exams | someone had to pass the imperial service exam during the Tang dynasty to become a part of the bureaucracy because they only wanted educated people |
| Equal Fields System | equitable land distribution, allocation of agricultural land, gave land to people, during Tang |
| Motives for Exploration | land and resources, lure of trade like spices, missionary efforts |
| Seven Years War | "the great war for empire", basically the British against everyone, fought in Europe India Caribbean and North America |
| The Colombian Exchange | global diffusion of plants food animals humans and diseases |
| The Protestant Reformation | Martin Luther attacked the abuse of the sale of indulgences, printing press helped, reform spread all over Europe, started in Germany |
| The Catholic Reformation | The Council of Trent recognized some abuses, religious wars like the Thirty Years War occurred |
| English Civil War | poor relations between parliament and the king caused it, roundheads supported Parliment and won, putting leader Cromwell in charge |
| Absolute Monarchy | a government run by a king or queen who has complete control, similar to strong emperors just on a smaller scale, based on the theory of divine right, France was the best example |
| The Scientific Revolution | caused by Renaissance, reformation, exploration and printing press. A new way to think about the natural world based on careful observation and questioning accepted beliefs. Medieval Geocentric views vs. Modern Heliocentric viewpoint |
| The Enlightenment | sought natural laws that governed human society in the same way Newton's laws governed the universe, philosophers, science and society |
| Magellan | first to circumnavigate the world |
| Henry of Portugal | explored west African coast |
| Seven Years War: Europe | British & Prussia vs. France Austria Russia |
| Seven Years War: India | British vs. French over Indian Ocean |
| Seven Years War: Caribbean | Spanish & French vs. British |
| Seven Years War: North America | French & Natives vs. USA & British |
| John Locke | all human knowledge comes from sense perceptions |
| Adam Smith | laws of supply and demand determine price |
| Montesquieu | used political science to argue for political liberty |
| Voltaire | champion of religious liberty and individual freedom |
| Impact of Enlightenment | weakened the influence of organized religion, promoted progress and prosperity |
Created by:
unknownstudent
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