Question 1

HABSBURG DYNASTY

Accepted Answer

Royal German family, one of the chief dynasties of Europe from the 15th and the 20th century. They ruled Austria from 1282 to 1918. They also controlled Hungary and Bohemia and ruled Spain and the Spanish empire for almost two centuries.

Question 2

ABSOLUTISM

Accepted Answer

historiographical term used to describe a form of monarchial power that is unrestrained by any other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites

Question 3

PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY

Accepted Answer

a form of national government in which the power of the monarch is restrained by a parliament, by law or by custom.

Question 4

THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

Accepted Answer

a series of wars in central Europe beginning in 1618 that stemmed from conflict between Protestants and Catholics and political struggles between the Holy Roman Empire and other powers. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648).

Question 5

EMPEROR CHARLES V

Accepted Answer

Ruled Holy Roman Empire, divided his lands up- giving half to his brother and half to his son- Austrian and Spanish

Question 6

KING PHILIP II OF SPAIN

Accepted Answer

ruled Spain, southern Italy, lower countries & New World; 
brought lost of gold; tried to keep Catholicism alive; trained monks; killed muslims that lived in his countries

Question 7

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN

Accepted Answer

Swedish Lutheran king who started up the Swedish phase of the war, when he signed a treaty with Cardinal Richelieu promising French support against the Habsburgs in the Thirty Years War. he wanted to support the Protestants

Question 8

"WHOSE THE REGION, HIS THE RELIGION"

Accepted Answer

Peace of Augsburg;
whatever religion the ruler was, so was the region; German countries: either catholic or lutheran

Question 9

THE SPANISH HAPSBURGS

Accepted Answer

they strongly supported the goals of thier Austrian relatives- the unity of the empire and the preservation of Catholicism in the country. They intervened in the 30 years war in 1629.

Question 10

THE IMPERIAL AUSTRIAN HABSBURGS

Accepted Answer

wanted to destroy Protestantism in Germany, their main goal at first was to conquer th whole continent but then they just decided to start to unite the land that they had. They conquered Bohemia & Hungary & in H, improved the country and its policies.

Question 11

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA

Accepted Answer

the treaty that brought the end to the Thirty Years War. The terms: The Hapsburg acknowledged the independence of Switzerland and the separation of the United Provinces from the Spanish Netherlands, France secured undefined rights in Alsace... in 1648

Question 12

EMPEROR FERDINAND II

Accepted Answer

Austrian Habsburg emperor, his main achievement was that he drastically reduced the power of Bohemia in the 30 years war. They were a big Protestant country and he made it Catholic.

Question 13

PRAGMATIC SANCTION

Accepted Answer

an edict or decree issued by a sovereign that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land.

Question 14

MARIA THERESA

Accepted Answer

Archdutchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the eldest daughter of Charles VI who promulgated the pragmatic sanction to allow her to succeed to the Habsburg domains. Her ruling led to the Seven Years War. daughter Maria Antoinette.

Question 15

HOHENZOLLERN OF PRUSSIA: ELECTOR OF BRANDENBURG

Accepted Answer

one of the electors of the Holy Roman Empire, herdiarily, held by the Hohenzollern family. Fredrick william was able to use and expand the office, ultimately resulting in the consolidation of the Prussian state.

Question 16

JUNKERS

Accepted Answer

The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia. reluctant allies of Fredrick William in his consolodation of the Prussian state.

Question 17

BOHEMIAN ESTATES

Accepted Answer

the largely Protestant representative body of the different estates in Bohemia. Significally reduced in power by Ferdinand II.

Question 18

WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION

Accepted Answer

Group of related wars that took place after the death of Charles VI. At issue was the right of Charle's daughter Maria Theresa to inherit the Habsburg lands. The war began when Fredrick II of Prussia invaded Silesia countries. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Question 19

SEVEN YEARS WAR

Accepted Answer

The war started when Austria wanted to win back Silesia, taken by Prussia in the War of the Austrian succession. after inconclusive fighting Fredrick concluded a peace treaty w/ Russia and drove the Austrians out of Silesia. included French & Indian war.

Question 20

MONGOL YOKE

Accepted Answer

the 200 year rule of the Mongol khan over the former territories of Kievan rus, a medieval state centered in the city of Kiev & comprising portions of modern-day Ukraine, Russia, & Belarussia. this period is considered rise of absolutists in Russia

Question 21

THE TSAR AND THE BOYARS

Accepted Answer

- the highest ranking members of the Russian nobility. - the slavic word for caesar; Ivan III initiated this title for the absolute ruler of Russia

Question 22

PETER THE GREAT

Accepted Answer

he was the ruler and expanded the Tsardom kingdom in Russia into a huge empire that became a major European power. Founder of St. Petersburg; developed a navy and administrative colleges

Question 23

THE STUART DYNASTY

Accepted Answer

Queen Elizabeth I never married or children, she had no successors so her cousin James - had to come 2 rule, he was Scottish & he started a new family of rule in England. This led 2 the joining of Scotland & Ireland into England's Great Britian

Question 24

ABSOLUTISM

Accepted Answer

a political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.

Question 25

PURITANS

Accepted Answer

a member of a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with the simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. They regard pleasure and luxury as sinful.

Question 26

JAMES I

Accepted Answer

he was the King of the scots. The son of Robert III, he was captured by the English in 1406. He established the first true strong monarchy the scots had known in nearly a century. he weakened the nobility & improved the administration of justice.

Question 27

CHARLES I

Accepted Answer

he was the successor to James I, who tried to make England have an Angelic religion. He made the Book of Common Prayers, he was very corrupt & not trusted by the Government

Question 28

THE CIVIL WAR

Accepted Answer

a war between the supporters of King Charles I (the royalists) and of Parliament (the round-heads).

Question 29

NEW MODEL ARMY

Accepted Answer

the parliamentary army under the command of oliver cromwell, that fought the army of charles i in the english civil war.

Question 30

OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE PROTECTORATE

Accepted Answer

Head of the Roundheads in the English civil war. he took control as head of state and established a military dictatorship. became Lord Protector of the Realm, and presided over a troubled era of internal unrest and costly foreign wars.

Question 31

THE “GODLY REPUBLIC”

Accepted Answer

time of Oliver Cromwell's reign; tried to wipe out Catholicism in Ireland, no houses, open toward Protestant but not any other religion

Question 32

ARCHBISHOP WILLIAM LAUD

Accepted Answer

he was archbishop of Canterbury and religious advisor to Charles I. he attacked the puritan preaching and called it dangerous and he had puritan writers hanged and imprisoned. he convinced the king to get rid of all the puritans. He was beheaded.

Question 33

BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER

Accepted Answer

the book of services used in the Anglican Church. It was first authorized for the Church of England in 1549, and then for the Commonwealth of the Nations.

Question 34

THE RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY

Accepted Answer

it marked the return of the- in Europe with Charles II. it After Cromwells, the bishops were restored to Parliment = Anglican orthodoxy. Expansion of colonial trade and James II, the Anglo-Dutch Wars, adn the revival of drama and literature.

Question 35

THE TEST ACT

Accepted Answer

legislation, passed by the English parliament in 1673 designed 2 secure the position of the Anglican Church. It sought 2 lower influence of Puritans, catholics, & others by denying the right 2 vote, preach, assemble, hold office,and be or teach at the col

Question 36

CHARLES II

Accepted Answer

he was the British monarch whose reign marked the period known as Restoration. he ruled in England, Scotland and Ireland until his death. he had a reputation as a hedonistic rouge.

Question 37

JAMES II

Accepted Answer

he also reigned in the time period of the Restoration. he was a big help in straightening out some flaws in Scottish and Irish monarchy problems.

Question 38

WILLIAM III AND MARY II

Accepted Answer

king and queen of england, scotland, and Ireland. were cousins. his reign was of momentous constitutional importance.

Question 39

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (1688)

Accepted Answer

the events resulted in the disposition of James II. His daughter Mary II and William III became joint rulers. also called the Bloodless Revolution blood was shed in the countries of Scotland and Ireland. Bill of Rights signed when W and M became K & Q.

Question 40

THE ACT OF UNION

Accepted Answer

treaty that joined England & Scotland under 1 rule. Gave E protection & S economic security by freedom of trade w/ E. Initiated by Queen Anne, the 2 kingdoms adopted the Protestant succession, preserved Scots law & law courts, & agreed 2 uniform taxation.

Question 41

QUEEN ANNE

Accepted Answer

Queen of Great Britain, she was most famous for her Act of the Union. She never gave birth to a successor, last of the Stuarts.

Question 42

THE DUTCH REPUBLIC

Accepted Answer

after the 30 Years War, the 7 Netherland providences fought and won thier independence from Spain. They were a major republican state. An oligarchy of wealthy businessmen called Regents handled domestic affairs in the local Estates. Cape of Good Hope.

Question 43

DIVINE RIGHTS MONARCHS

Accepted Answer

the doctrine that kings were established in their rule by God and were accountable only to God. In such a system, the will of God and that of the king become inseparable

Question 44

HENRY IV

Accepted Answer

he was the founder of the Bourbon dynasty. he aquired a country that was starving & @ his inaguration he promised a chicken in every pot. He converted the country to Catholic but issued a Edict of Nantes that allowed Protestants to still practice.

Question 45

THE BOURBON DYNASTY

Accepted Answer

Started by Henry IV when he became King of France, and continued until the late 18th century and it branched out into Spain and other countries.

Question 46

INTENDANTS

Accepted Answer

commissioners for each of France's 32 administrative districts. Appointed by and answering directly to the monarch, they were key elements in Richelieu's plan to centralize the French state.

Question 47

THE HUGUENOTS

Accepted Answer

members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Question 48

LOUIS XIII

Accepted Answer

he became king when he was a young child,

Question 49

CARDINAL RICHELIEU

Accepted Answer

he became the first minister of the French crown. He allowed the monarchy to maintain power within Europe and within its own borders despite the turmoil of the 30 years war. he established adminstrative system to strengthen royal control. anti-Catholic

Question 50

CARDINAL MAZARIN

Accepted Answer

successor to Richelieu, he continued his centralizing polices. his efforts 2 ^ royal revenues 2 meet costs of war led to uprisings known as the Fronde

Question 51

MARIE DE MEDICI

Accepted Answer

she headed the French regency while the child Louis XIII was still too young to rule. She along with Cardinal richelieu and mazarin helped to keep the monarchy maintain power during the 30 years war

Question 52

ANNE OF AUSTRIA

Accepted Answer

she ran away with the french king Louis XIV b/c of riots in Paris. Her regency ended w/ the declaration of Louis as king of his own right.

Question 53

LOUIS XIV

Accepted Answer

the sun king, the longest reign in European history. the French monarchy reached a peak of absolutist develpement. in the magnificence of his court and the brillance of the culture. Divine right of kings. Versailles.

Question 54

THE FRONDE

Accepted Answer

a series of violent uprisings during the miniority of Louis XIV triggered by oppresive taxation and growing royal authority; the last attempt of the French nobility to resist the king by arms.

Question 55

EDICT OF NANTES

Accepted Answer

started by Henry IV, and ended by Louis XIV. when Henry converted the country to Catholic, this document allowed the Protestants to worship in 150 traditionally Protestant towns throughout France.

Question 56

MERCANTILISM

Accepted Answer

a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state.

Question 57

VERSAILLES

Accepted Answer

a huge palace built by the Sun King (Louis XIV) it had tons of rooms and tons of gardens. One of the largest homes in the whole world. It housed guest, and the courts of the French government. they had elaborate parties and events.

Question 58

CHARLES II (HABSBURG)

Accepted Answer

king of Spain, he had no successors so the power was passed 2 Philip of Anjou. This violated a treaty by which the European powers had agreed 2 divide the Spanish possessions between France & Holy Roman Empire. But Louis broke the treaty b/c of his will.

Question 59

WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION

Accepted Answer

Charles II recognized Louis's grandson as heir, allies stepped him, Philip V became king of Spain, had no political union with France

Question 60

PEACE OF UTRECHT

Accepted Answer

a series of treaties , from 1713 to 1715, that ended the war of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.

Question 61

PHILIP V OF THE SPANISH BOURBONS

Accepted Answer

he is the grandson of Louis XIV.

Question 62

THE ROMANOV DYNASTY

Accepted Answer

when Ivan the Terrible died russia enterd a chaotic period known as the "Time of Troubles." after the Cossack rebellion they elected Michael -, his dynasty made several achievements during the 2nd half of the seventeeth century

Question 63

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

Accepted Answer

an early modern term for the study of the nature of the universe, its purpose and how it functioned; it ecompassed what today we would call science.

Question 64

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Accepted Answer

in the 17th century entailed the search for precise knowledge of the physical world based on the union of experimental observations with sophisticated mathematics

History 1 Final

study cards for the final

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