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History Final t1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who contributed most to the success of the early Tang Dynasty? | Tang Taizong, with his Equal Fields System and Bureaucracy based on Merit |
| What was the greatest contribution of Sui Yangdi? | Grand Canal |
| Sufis | Islamic missionaries and mystics, more spiritual and less strict on doctrine, often ascetic, tolerant, devoted to Allah |
| Madrasas | Islamic higher education institutions |
| Who controlled the Abbasid Dynasty for its last 200 years? | the Saljuq Turks |
| Muslims were divided between __ and __ . | Shia and Sunni |
| What was the title of the political leader who led Muslims after Muhammad died? | "Caliph", 1st one was Abu Bakr |
| What is the Islamic Holy Law? | Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Allah is only God, Muhammad is his prophet. 2. One must pray 5 times daily while facing Mecca. 3. One must fast at daylight during Ramadan. 4. One must give to charity. 5. One must make at least 1 pilgrimage to Mecca if possible |
| What does dar al-Islam mean? | "House of Islam", all the land where Islam is predominant |
| Iconoclasm | "breaking of Icons", destroying religious images and not allowing them in churches, lead by Leo the 3rd |
| Theme System | parts of the empire (themes) have generals in charge, generals are responsible for military and civil parts of the area, generals could create their own military, strengthened and protected Byzantine Empire, mobilized military |
| What was Justinian's longest lasting political achievement? | the Hagia Sophia. He also created the Code of Laws. |
| What was the Hagia Sophia? | a massive Christian Church, later became a mosque, now a museum |
| Caesaropapism | policy where emperor rules as secular lord and also is active and prominent in ecclesiastical affairs |
| Why did Constantinople have an advantage for trade and defense? | it was on the straight between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara |
| What law allowed Christians to practice freely in the Roman empire? | the Edict of Milan by Constantine |
| What city became the new capital of the Roman Empire? | Constantinople |
| Who were Tetrarchs? | beneath an emperor were 2 coemperors, each of which had 4 tetrarchs beneath them that helped |
| What happened to schools of thought after the Han dynasty collapsed? | Confucianism was unpopular but Daoism was popular. Buddhism became popular. |
| What was the Han capital? | Chang'an |
| What was the political philosophy of Julius Caesar? | liberal, social reform, gave land to military leaders, extended citizenship |
| Latifundia | large plantations owned by wealthy Romans |
| Who represented the plebeians in the Roman government? | Tribunes |
| What class of people elected the consuls in the early Roman republic? | Patricians |
| Where did Alexander finally defeat the Persian army? | Battle of Gaugamela |
| Who tutored Alexander the Great? | Aristotle |
| Socrates philosophy | focused on human behavior, honor is most important |
| Who was the leader of the Delian league? | Athens |
| Who won the Peloponnesian war? | Sparta |
| How was Spartan social distinction evaluated? | status determined by military stance |
| Who were the helots? | farmers all over Peloponesia who were like slaves of the state and could not leave, had to farm for the cities |
| What was the political structure of the ancient Greeks? | Polis - city states, ruled by notables kings or "tyrants" |
| Boddhisatva | people who reached spiritual perfection but stayed back from Nirvana to help others. Could do deeds in the name of others to help them. This brought converts and donations from the wealthy |
| What is the Doctrine of Buddhism? | Four Noble Truths / Dharma: 1. All live involves suffering. 2. Desire causes suffering. 3. Elimination of desire ends suffering. 4. A disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Noble Eightfold Path eliminates desire |
| What was the Buddha's philosophy about salvation? | lifestyle filled with contemplation, reflection and self control, detachment from world. Lifestyle leads to salvation. Salvation is no more reincarnation + nirvana (spiritual independence) |
| Who led the Mauryan Dynasty during its high point? | Ashoka |
| What is Arthashastra? | Indian government manual |
| Who was the first ruler to unify India? | Chandragupta Maurya |
| Which group of people was the biggest threat to the Han Dynasty? | Xiongnu |
| Which Chinese ruler started the imperial university? | Han Wudi - Confucian schools |
| What was Quin Shihuangdi's most important contribution to China? | Great Wall of China |
| Which school of thought ended the Period of Warring States? | Legalism |
| Daoism | believe introspection and reflection will one day bring peace. Dao = the way of the cosmos = principle that governs the world. live simply, retreat, disengage |
| Confucius philosophy | fill government positions with educated and conscientious people. OPTIMISM. Help society! |
| Which Persian King wasn't tolerant? | Xerxes |
| Where was Darius's new capital? | Persepolis |
| What were the accomplishments of Darius? | tolerant, divided empire into satrapies, Royal Road, standardized coins, built Persepolis |
| What were Persian spies called? | the eyes and ears of the king |
| Satrapies | political structure dividing up the empire. A Satrap is a person that leads a satrapy |
| Who was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire? | Cyrus |
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unknownstudent
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