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Renaissance
The renaissance, protestant reformation, and scientific revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Renaissance | an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought. |
| Where did the Renaissance start? Dates? | In northern Italy. 1300-1600. |
| Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? | Large city-states and sizable towns, which meant that it was a more urban area. |
| Bubonic Plague | Killed 60% of the population. Disrupts economy. |
| What family controls Florence? | Medici |
| Greek Scholars move to what city after the fall of Constantinople? | Rome |
| What did humanists study? | classical texts, history,literature, and philosophy. |
| Define Humanism. | Intellectual movement focused on human achievements. |
| Define Patron. | A financial supporter of artists |
| What were Men expected to excel in? (clue:4 fields) | 1. the classics 2.art 3. politics 4. combat |
| Describe the book, The Courtier | book that teaches how to become a "universal" person. |
| What was the relationship Renaissance women were expected to have with art? | appreciate it but not create it. |
| Artists used what to make their art? | realistic style copied from classical art (often to portray religious subjects) |
| Define perspective. | a way to show three dimensions on a canvas |
| Who were the subjects of Renaissance portraits? | prominent citizens, mythological figures, and religious figures |
| What were the attributes of Renaissance sculpture? | natural postures and expressions. |
| What was a favorites subjects among sculptors? | David from the Bible |
| What interests did Leonardo da Vinci pursue? | painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist. |
| Who painted the Mona Lisa? | da Vinci |
| Who painted The Last Supper | da Vinci |
| What art technique was Raphael Sanzio famous for? | his use of perspective. |
| who used the subject Madonnna and child? | Raphael (Sanzio) |
| Who painted School of Athens? | Raphael (Sanzio) |
| Sofonisba Anguissola | First woman artist to gain world renown. |
| Artemisia Gentileschi | Paints stern heroic woman |
| vernacular | the native language rather than a language only used by scholars |
| Francesco Petrarch | humanist and poet |
| Who was Petrarch's muse? | Laura |
| Boccaccio | best known for the Decameron, a series of stories |
| Niccolo Macheivelli | author of political guide book, the price |
| What is The Prince? | examines how rulers can gain and keep power, not what they should do as good Christian rulers |
| Vittoria Colonna | woman with great influence. Poems express personal emotions. |
| What 2 countries unify under strong monarch's who are art patrons? | england and france |
| Who do merchants sponsor or patronize when they grow wealthy? | artists |
| When war is in Italy, artists and writers flee to where? | northern Europe |
| Albrecht Durer | woodcut's and engravings emphasize realism |
| Hans Holbien | paints portraits, often of English royalty |
| What region is the artistic center of the Northern Renaissance? | Flanders |
| Who was a pioneer in oil-based painting (layers of paint)? | Jan van Eyck |
| What subjects did van Eyck focus on? | realistic paintings of townspeople and reveal subjects personality |
| Who captured scenes of peasant life with realistic details? | Pieter Bruegel |
| Northern Humanists criticize what and start what? | Catholic church. christian humanism. |
| Who was the best known Christian humanist of the Northern Renaissance? | Desiderius Erasmus of Holland |
| What is The Praise of Folly. Who wrote it? | pokes fun at merchants and priests. Eramus. |
| Who created a model society in his book, Utopia | Thomas More of England |
| Who promoted education for girls and more equal treatment for boys and girls. | Christine de Pizan |
| The Renaissance spread to where in the mid-1500's? | England |
| Who is considered by many the greatest playwright, author of Macbeth, Romeo & Juliet? | Shakespeare |
| Who invented a movable type printing press in China? | Bi Sheng |
| Who invents the METAL moveable type printing press? | Johann Gutenberg of Germany |
| What was the first book printed in Europe? | Gutenberg Bible |
| What ancient civilizations was art influenced by? | Greece and Rome |
| What are the 95 theses | Maritn Luther's 95 criticisms of the Catholic church. |
| What is Secularism? | Focus on worldly matters rather than religious matters. |
| Before the Reformation, these two figures stress Bible's authority over clergy's. | John Wycliffe and Jan Hus |
| What Christian humanists were vocal critics of the Church? | Erasmus and Sir Thomas More |
| What led Martin Luther write his protest? | Friar Johann Tetezl's selling of indulgences |
| What is a pardon releasing a person from penalty for a sin? | Indulgence |
| To Catholics, how can people win salvation? | good works and faith |
| Who threatened to excommunicate Luther? | Pope Leo X |
| What religion does Luther create? | Lutherans |
| Who many people die when the Princes crush the Peasant's Revolt? | 100,000 |
| Protestant princes | princes that side with Luther |
| What was the goal of Charles V? | return rebellious princes to the catholic church |
| What was the compromise in the Peace of Augsburg? | each prince can decide the religion of his state |
| Who creates the Church of England separating from the Catholic Church? | Henry VIII |
| What Spanish king plotted to return England to Catholicism? | Philip II |
| Switzerland priest Huldrych Zwingli | calls for church reforms |
| How was Zwingli killed? | war between catholic and protestants |
| Who wrote Institutes of Christian Religion? | John Calvin |
| Define predestination. | God chooses who will be saved |
| Calvinism | religion based on Calvin's teachings |
| What type of government does Calvin see as ideal? | theocracy |
| Who brings Calvinism to Scotland? | John Knox |
| What were John Knox's followers called? | Presbyterians |
| What were Calvin's followers called in France? | Huguenots |
| What group believed in separation of church and state? | Anabaptists |
| Marguerite of Navarre | protected Calvin in France |
| Katrina Zell | protects reformers |
| Katherina von Bora | Luther's wife and promotes equality in marriage |
| Counter Reformation | seeks to reform Catholic church from within |
| Ignatius | leading Catholic reformer |
| spiritual exercises | calls for meditation, prayer, and study |
| Jesuits | followers of Ignatius |
| Who calls for the Council of Trent? | Pope Paul III |
| Pope Paul IV | issues the index of forbidden books |
| What religion is unified and what religion grew? | Catholics. Protestant denomination |
| What two religions creates schools throughout Europe? | Catholic and Protestants |
| What movement inspired by the Scientific Revolution starts in the late 18th century? | the Enlightenment |
| Frances Bacon | helped develop scientific method |
| Robert Boyle | created Boyle's law about gases |
| Nicolas Copernicus | created Heliocentric theory |
| Rene Descartes | "I think therefore I am". Helped with scientific method |
| Galileo Galilei | designed telescope, found four rings around Jupiter |
| Johannes Kepler | proved the heliocentric theory |
| Isaac Newton | Law of gravity |
Created by:
cheer26
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