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Classical_Greece
Davissvhs_Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. Their name came from their leading city. The Minoans influenced these people. | Mycenaeans |
| When the Greek army besieged and destroyed the city of Troy because their prince kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king. As of the 1870s this war might have been based on real cities, people, and events. | Trojan War |
| new group of people who moved into the war-torn countryside of Greece after the decline of the Mycenaean civilization. They were far less advanced and brought this once powerful civilization to an all-time low. | Dorians |
| "greatest storyteller" who was a blind man. Composed narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds. The Iliad, contains one of this storyteller's best epics (Trojan War) | Homer |
| narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds | Epics |
| traditional stories which the Greeks sought to explain the mysteries of nature and the power of human passions. | Myths |
| city-state which was the fundamental political unit in Greece | polis |
| On a fortified hilltop near the agora (marketplace) this is the place where citizens gathered to discuss city government | acropolis |
| In some city-states, a single person (king) ruled in a government | monarchy |
| a government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families. These very rich families often gained political power after serving in a king's military cavalry. | aristocracy |
| This type of government was ruled by a few powerful people. | oligarchy |
| powerful individuals, usually nobles or other wealthy citizens, sometimes seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support | tyrant |
| Since Athens went through power struggles between rich and poor, Athenian reformers moved toward this type of government where the people as a whole ruled. | democracy |
| peasants forced to stay on the land they worked | helot |
| a fearsome formation when hoplites stood side by side, each holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other. This became the most powerful fighting force int he ancient world | phalanx |
| a war between Greece and the Persian Empire which began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia | Persian Wars |
| a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives, was an important legacy of Periclean Athens | direct democracy |
| The Greeks values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion (perfection) became the standard of what is called __________ ____. | classical art |
| a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal | tragedy |
| a drama that contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor. Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time | comedy |
| a war between Sparta and Athens. Athens had the stronger navy. Sparta had the stronger army, its location inland meant that it could not easily attacked by sea | Peloponnesian War |
| Greek thinkers who were determined to seek the truth, no matter where the search led them. the word means "lovers of wisdom" | philosophers |
| a Greek philosopher who encouraged his students to examine their beliefs. His question-and-answer approach to teaching is known as the Socratic method. | Socrates |
| a student of Socrates, who was born in a wealthy Athenian family and founded a school called the Academy that lasted for approximately 900 years | Plato |
| was one of the brightest students at Plato's Academy and his teachings would lead to the scientific method still used today | Aristotle |
| king of Macedonia who dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. | Philip II |
| this kingdom was located just north of Greece and had a rough terrain and a cold climate | Macedonia |
| Philip's son who proclaimed himself king of Macedonia after his father was stabbed to death. He conquered the lands fro Greece to the Indus Valley | Alexander the Great |
| this Persian king vowed to crush Alexander and his army. Realizing he was outnumbered, he fled, followed by his panicked army. This victory gave Alexander control over Anatolia | Darius III |
| culture blending between Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences | Hellenistic |
| this Egyptian city became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization | Alexandria |
| a highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria | Euclid |
| a Hellenistic scientists of Syracuse, studied at Alexandria | Archimedes |
| argest known Hellenistic bronze statue which stood more than 100 feet high and created on the island of Rhodes. It is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world; it was toppled by an earthquake in 225 B.c. | Colossus of Rhodes |
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