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Unit 4 Islam
Ms. Bain History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bedouin | nomadic tribes that move seasonally for lifestyle, herd camels, goats, and sheep, no written laws, value loyalty to tribe, polytheistic, have ka'aba as shrine to gods, Mecca= trade center. have slight influence on islam (morals) and they become Muslims |
| Mecca | Before Islam- Mecca already is @ crossroads of trade from people all over, people gathered there for the ka'aba which=shrine to deities. After Islam- Mecca = birthplace of Muhammad-> holy. The ka'aba became an islam symbol. Mecca=veryimportant city |
| Muhammad | Believed to be the last and greatest prophet, Muhammad was the creator of Islam. He lived from 570-632 and he heard the word of Allah from the angel Gabriel, went on a Night Journey, a hijrah, and determined most of the religion. |
| Khadija | Wife of Muhammad, she was significantly older and was his employer. Influences the type of marriage and the role of women in islam. |
| Revelation | A realization that Muhammad had in 610 when he went to a cave to pray. The angel Gabriel told him of Allah and told him to go and be the messanger of Allah. Without it- muhammad would never have fulfilled his duty and Islam would not exist |
| Quran | Holy book of Islam, written in Arabic it was the first written book in the Arabian Peninsula and was based of off the Torah. significance= unites people under written language and common literature |
| Hijrah | In 622 Muhammad and his followers left from Mecca to go to Medina. WIthout it, there would be no start to the Islamic calendar |
| 5 Pillars | Shahada- testimony/declaration of faith Salat- prayers 5 times a day Zakat- almsgiving Sawm- fasting during the month of Ramadan Hajj- journey muslims should try to make once in their lives Significance: Muslims would live their life very differentl |
| Yathrib/Medina | Another holy city that Muhammad visited when he was exiled from Mecca. This city would not have become a holy city without the visitation of Muhammad. |
| Imam | a prayer leader with proper religious eduaction but is not the leader of the religion in any way. Distinguishes Islam from a higher archy like the one in the catholic church. |
| Hajj | a journey muslims shoudl take once in their lives if financially and physically able. A major rite of passage that would greatly influece a Muslim's life. |
| Ka'aba | shrine that was originally to polytheistic deities but was turned to a muslim shrine with the rise of Islam. The Ka'aba survived over hundreds of years and without it, the Muslims would not be able to perform the Hajj. |
| Mosque | A house of worship in Islam. Allows for gatherings of Muslim people-> unites them and dictates where they live |
| People of the Book | 3 religions (judaism, christianity, and Islam) that are all based off of the Torah. There are many similarities between the three and without the torah, none of them would have come to influence the world as they did/do |
| Caliph | A leader of Islam. There was a great split in Islam due to different ideals of who the next caliphs should be, following the rightly guided caliphs. |
| Rightly Guided Caliphs | were in Muhammads inner circle, Abu Bakr (muhammads Best friend), Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They governed the Islam empire after the death of Muhammad and after the last one of them died (Uthman) there was a division in Islam. |
| Allah | the one and only God in Islam. The same God as Yahweh and the Christian God. He is the root of everything in Islam and he was the creator of Islam, in the idea of the Muslims. |
| jihad | viewed conquests of new lands as a struggle to introduce Islam to other lands. Without it there would not be so much of a spread of Islam throughout the world by means of cultural diffusion. |
| Shiite | Think that the Caliph should be descendants to Ali. The great split in Islam meant a weaker Islamic empire and today the division results in ongoing war between the two. |
| Sunni | Think that the caliph should be elected. same significance as Shiite. |
| House of Wisdom | Golden age-established as a major intellectual center of science, mathematics, astronomy, and religion. Without it there would not be some major advances in science and math and religion would not be as well understood. |
| Ummayyads | descendants of Uthman, built a huge empire spanning into India, Asia Minor, Byzantium, N. Africa and Spain. Moved the capitol to Damascus, unpopular for assasinating Ali and leading extravagant lifestyles. w/o them the abbasids may never have come to rule |
| Abbasids | 750- attack and capture Damascus and kill all Ummayyads, minus one. Move the capitol to Baghdad and under them the Islam empire= golden Age, united among groups via commone language and was major trade network. culture of Islam would be different w/o them |
| Madrasas | Theological schools that young Muslim men could study at. They served to better the Islamic Empire by means of educating to the best of their ability. |
| Golden Age | refers to a time in the Abbasid Dynasty form 750-1258 when the Muslim Empire was wealthy and Powerful and there was much trade and was united. Without it, Islam would be different (culturally) and also those parts of the world would be different. |
| Bazaar | marketplaces that contain shops and stalls for goods from all over the world to be sold. Was a means of cultural diffusion that worked to merge cultures from different places all over the empire. |
| Calligraphy | Beautiful and common art form of writing passages of the Quran. Was a major influence on the art styles that exist today in the Islamic culture. |
Created by:
korinna.garfield
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