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AP Chapter 6 Upshur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The differences between Hindus and Buddhists were blurred by the | admission of Gautama into the Hindu pantheon. |
| Hindu gods and goddesses were worshipped | at home, temples, & at special ceremonies with special gift offerings. |
| some came to India after the Great Dispersion of 70 C.E., _____and Christians in India lived in Kerala.______were in India by the Gupta era | Jews |
| The greatest contribution of Gupta art is | the classical representation of the divinities of India. |
| personal and family life in the Gupta era | families were patriarchal. |
| The high watermark of the Gupta Empire was reached with the reign of | Chandra Gupta II. |
| observation made by the Chinese pilgrim Fa-hsien about life in the reign of Chandra Gupta II | Crime was rare., One could travel from one end of the country to the other without fear of molestation. |
| The death blow to the Gupta Empire came in the form of | repeated Hunnic invasions. |
| Harsha became king at age | 16, and ruled for 41 years. |
| built many hospitals to dispense free medical care to the poor and travelers. | Harsha |
| Caves in central India that are the site of marvelous early frescoes inspired by Hinduism and Buddhism. | Ajanta Caves |
| The military-style government of the Japanese shoguns. | Bakufu |
| The code of conduct of the samurai, or Japanese warriors. | Bushido |
| The noble clan that controlled the government of Japan between the ninth and twelfth centuries. | Fujiwara clan |
| Wife of the Hindu god Shiva, she was both the cosmic mother and the goddess of destruction. | Kali |
| The rule by members of a noble Japanese clan from the late twelfth to the mid-fourteenth century in the name of the emperor, who was their puppet. | Kamakura shogunate |
| The inhabitants of Cambodia; founders of a large empire in ancient Southeast Asia. | Khmers |
| An important Hindu god who is an incarnation of the god Vishnu. | Krishna |
| An eleventh- and twelfth-century c.e. revival of Confucian thought. It became the accepted doctrine in China, Japan, and Korea. | Neo-Confucianism |
| A Japanese sect of Buddhism founded by the monk Nicheren in the thirteenth century. | Nicheren sect |
| A collection of mythical stories about Hindu gods and goddesses. | Puranas |
| A Hindu text that illustrates important aspects of the religion; its heroes, Rama and his wife Sita, are worshipped as the embodiment of the ideal man and woman. | Ramayana |
| Hereditary warrior-aristocrats of feudal Japan. | Samurai |
| The indigenous religion of Japan, it was polytheistic and stressed the importance of nature. | Shintoism |
| An important member of the Hindu pantheon, along with his wife Kali (Durga). God of destruction and fertility. | Shiva |
| Ruled China from 581 to 618 c.e.; era of disunity that paved the way for the T´ang dynasty. | Sui dynasty |
| A Hindu savior god who, through his nine incarnations, saves the world from destruction; in one incarnation he was Krishna, in another Gautama Buddha. | Vishnu |
| The earliest known government of Japan; headed by the Yamato family. | Yamato state |
| The Japanese form of Ch´an Buddhism. | Zen Buddhism |
| According to an inscription of the Gupta dynasty, good rulers should | keep the castes confined to their spheres of duty. |
| local administrators were practically independent of central control. | Under the Guptas and Harsha, |
| lack of adequate sources of revenue compelled the kings to pay official salaries partly in land grants. | Under the Guptas and Harsha, |
| the king's authority was limited to those areas under his direct control. | Under the Guptas and Harsha, |
| Muslim invaders of India after the death of Harsha differed from Central Asian tribal raiders in that they | retained non-Indian identities. |
| In Hinduism during the reign of the Guptas, Vishnu was | a primary object of worship as the benevolent preserver god. |
| The Hindu god/goddess worshipped by "Thuggees" was | Kali. |
| The Buddhist cave temples at Ajanta | have interiors somewhat like those of Christian basilica churches. |
| were good patrons of the arts., Books first appeared in the fifth century, written on birch bark and specially prepared leaves., Indian scholars of this period devised a sign for zero and worked out a decimal number system. | literature and scholarship in India under the Guptas |
| called himself the "image-breaker," because he delighted in destroying Hindu and Buddhist places of worship. | Mahmud of Ghazni |
| destroyed countless Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain shrines., built the Kutb Minar in Delhi in part with stones from demolished Hindu and Jain temples., destroyed the Buddhist university at Nalanda. | Muslims in north India |
| were kshatriyas | Rajputs |
| Researchers say many of them may have been descended from the Huns and other invaders. | Rajputs |
| They were like the knights of medieval Europe or the samurai of Japan in being fiercely proud hereditary warriors. | Rajputs |
| women were expected commit suicide on their husbands' funeral pyre. | Rajputs |
| South India, in the period of Muslim conquests in the north, | saw a flourishing of temple building and religious art. |
| had been some contacts with Chinese trading ships as early and the beginning of the common era. | early history of the Philippine Islands |
| were isolated and politically fragmented. | early history of the Philippine Islands |
| Few written materials survive from that time. | early history of the Philippine |
| Indian traders and colonists began to trade and settle in Southeast Asia starting about | two thousand years ago. |
| Early Indian traders who ventured to Southeast Asia sought spices and scented woods to sell particularly to | Romans. |
| Indian cultural influence did not come to Burma until the | Gupta period. |
| became a predominantly Theravada Buddhist land. | Burma |
| From Bengal in the Gupta and post-Gupta period, Indians brought | Mahayana Buddhism to Sumatra. |
| Ships regularly plied the route between | Ceylon and the islands of Indonesia. |
| India's cultural influence in Southeast Asia was achieved by | peaceful means. |
| ruled Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and parts of Burma, Vietnam, and the Malay Peninsula. | The kingdom of Cambodia |
| was built between the tenth and twelfth centuries. | Angkor Wat |
| was the site of a temple for Vishnu that consisted of a series of terraced structures culminating in a central shrine 213 feet above the ground. | Angkor Wat |
| was sacked by the forces of Champa in 1177. | Angkor Wat |
| was followed by a new capital, called Angkor Thom. | Angkor Wat |
| was dedicated to a popular bodhisattva and the king who identified with him. | shrine known as the Bayan at Angkor Thom |
| had towers decorated with giant heads of the bodhisattva-god-king. | shrine known as the Bayan at Angkor Thom |
| had friezes showing the Khmer army and navy in action against those of the Champa. | shrine known as the Bayan at Angkor Thom |
| came from the borderlands of Burma, Tibet, and southwest China. | The Thai |
| By the twelfth century the __________had formed a united government. | The Thai |
| art and culture were heavily indebted to those of the Khmer. | The Thai |
| their sacred language was Pali. | Thai people of the twelfth century and later |
| In 1292, a punitive military expedition was sent to Java by | Kubilai Khan. |
| built the single largest Buddhist monument at Borobodur on Java. | Around 800, Mahayana Buddhists |
| Artistically, the islands of Indonesia were much indebted to | India. |
| replaced Buddhism as the predominant cultural force on Java and Sumatra between the ninth and fourteenth centuries. | Hinduism in Indonesia |
| The long period of disruption, wars, and invasions that accompanied the dissolution of the Han dynasty was similar to the troubles those that accompanied the end of the | Roman Empire. |
| he last emperor was forced to marry two of his daughters to a powerful general. | At the end of the Han Empire, |
| They destroyed Loyang in 311. | Hsiung |
| They burned the imperial library. | Hsiung |
| They laid waste to Changan. | Hsiung |
| modeled his reign after the great Indian emperor Asoka. | Emperor Wu of the Liang |
| played much the same role in China during the centuries after the fall of the Han Empire as Christianity in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. | Buddhism |
| brought back information and ideas that made Buddhism a vital intellectual force in China. | Pilgrims to India and the lands in between |
| Sporadic persecution in north China did little to injure | Buddhism |
| were able to honor Confucius, worship Buddha, and practice Taoist rites without a sense of incompatibility. | Most Chinese |
| Such ideas entered China with Buddhism. | influence of Greco-Roman-Indian artistic ideas in Chinese art |
| An escarpment near the northern capital at Tatung was carved with twenty caves and adorned with Buddhist frescoes and sculptures in Greco-Roman-Gandharan style. | influence of Greco-Roman-Indian artistic ideas in Chinese art |
| Returning Buddhist pilgrims brought both small icons and memories of Indian religious art to China. | influence of Greco-Roman-Indian artistic ideas in Chinese art |
| The sculptures in the cave temples outside the capital city of Loyang at Lungmen | attest to the Sinicization of Buddhism. |
| the legacy of a unified language. | advantages Yang Chien had in seeking to forge an empire of continental proportions |
| written literary and historical traditions that extolled the ideal of unity. | advantages Yang Chien had in seeking to forge an empire of continental proportions |
| an elite shaped in Confucian learning and dedicated to public service. | advantages Yang Chien had in seeking to forge an empire of continental proportions |
| Among the areas brought under Chinese control by T'ai Tsung was | Mongolia., Tibet., Afghanistan. |
| deposed her own son to become China's only woman "emperoThe Empress Wu | |
| T'ang prestige and prosperity reached their peak under his rule. | Ming-huang |
| He was known as "the Brilliant Emperor." | Ming-huang |
| He became the subject of a famous romantic poem. | Ming-huang |
| used examinations based on Confucian classics as the basis for selecting government officials. | educational system during the T'ang regime |
| produced a ruling class imbued with the same ethical principles and values. | educational system during the T'ang regime |
| turned men of intellectual ability into strong supporters, instead of critics, of the government. | educational system during the T'ang regime |
| The system of waterways called the Grand Canal was designed to link the | Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys. |
| assessed taxes and labor on public works projects on the basis of the land allotment. | The "equal field" system, |
| Among the items imported by T'ang China were all of the following | horses., gold- and silverware., grape wine, polo. |
| T'ang China maintained an overlord-vassal relationship with | Korea. |
| In 751, at a battle near Tashkent in modern Turkestan, | the Chinese were routed by an Arab-Turkish army. |
| opposed Buddhism for being both superstitious and un-Chinese. | The author Han Yu |
| Another significant belief system in China during the T'ang was | Confucianism., Zoroastrianism., Islam. |
| The Chinese Buddhist sect that taught that salvation could be attained by faith expressed through calling the Buddha's name was | Pure Land. |
| encouraging people to make donations they could ill afford. | Confucians criticized Buddhism for |
| its emphasis on celibacy. | Confucians criticized Buddhism for |
| the unproductive life of its monks and nuns. | Confucians criticized Buddhism for |
| assisted in putting down the rebellion against Ming Huang married local women, settled down, and founded a Muslim community in northwest China | Muslim troops |
| Before the end of T'ang there were sizable Muslim settlements of traders | in south Chinese ports. |
| was given a commission in the T'ang army. | The son of the last Sassanian king |
| The literature of the T'ang period is marked by special achievement in | poetry. |
| T'ang Buddha images are lifelike and intimate, and mirror contemporary concepts of beauty. | Buddhist art and sculpture under the T'ang |
| Imperial ambitions of the early T'ang caused Chinese Buddhist art to move westward into Central Asia. | Buddhist art and sculpture under the T'ang |
| Paintings and sculptures show that for a thousand years Serindia was a melting pot where Gandharan, Indian, Central Asian and Chinese styles met and where a synthesis emerged. | Buddhist art and sculpture under the T'ang |
| The love of peace and abhorrence of war that typified the Sung dynasty resulted in | the loss of north China to nomadic groups. & the loss of south China to the Mongols. |
| In Chinese history the Sung Dynasty was the | most pacifist. |
| The founder of the Sung Dynasty | was hailed as emperor by mutinous troops. |
| Two tribal groups that organized states on China's northern borders were the | Hsi Hsia and Ch'itan. |
| the population was over by 100 million by 1114. | Northern Sung period |
| there was a growing urban middle class. | Northern Sung period |
| the printing press made books more commonly available, spreading literacy. | Northern Sung period |
| was founded after the last Northern Sung emperor was taken into captivity by nomadic invaders. | The Southern Sung |
| A weapon devised by the Southern Sung against the Mongols was | gunpowder-filled projectiles launched rocket-fashion. |
| drowned during a naval engagement off the coast of Canton. | The last of the Sung emperors |
| the ruling house ensured its dynastic security by subordinating the military to civilian control and reducing the feeling of esprit de corps among the soldiers. | Sung military strategy was keyed to defense |
| the wars of the later T'ang period had destroyed the great aristocratic families and with them the martial spirit of the people | Sung military strategy was keyed to defense |
| The most famous Sung general, Yueh Fei, was | arrested and murdered in prison. |
| negotiated a peace treaty with the Liao (Ch'itan), acknowledging loss of territory and agreeing to pay an annual tribute. | The Northern Sung government |
| paid a tribute in silver and silk to the Chin that replaced the Liao in north China, and formally acknowledged its status as vassal. | The Southern Sung |
| considered the payment of tribute or bribe as the lesser evil than war. | The Sung |
| There were no new schools and no new translations of its scriptures. | Buddhism under the Sung |
| The government raised revenue by selling ordination and other priestly certificates. | Buddhism under the Sung |
| Maitreya, the Buddha of the Future, was metamorphosed into the fat Laughing Buddha. | Buddhism under the Sung |
| claimed earlier Confucians had misunderstood the real meaning of the master. | Neo-Confucians |
| insisted that human fulfillment in this life is possible through self-cultivation. | Neo-Confucians |
| failed to provide answers to the problems of injustice or the varying fortunes of human beings. | Neo-Confucians |
| Great and powerful men patronized the arts. | culture under the Sung |
| Most distinguished scholars and artists were also officials. | culture under the Sung |
| The printing press made books, including encyclopedias and other multi-volume works, widely available. | culture under the Sung |
| culture under the Sung | art under the Sung |
| Among the minor arts, ceramics ranked highest. | art under the Sung |
| Landscape painting flourished. | art under the Sung |
| The story of Kija in the Korean foundation myth in some ways parallels that of | Aeneas in Roman myth. |
| were incorporated into the Chinese Empire in the second century B.C.E. | Korea and Vietnam |
| have the same type surnames and given names as Chinese. | Koreans |
| was the only one used in Korea up to the thirteenth century. | The Chinese written form |
| The Korean alphabet was not adopted officially until | the mid-twentieth century. |
| society was more tribal and aristocratic than Chinese. | Korea between the first and seventh centuries |
| government positions were determined by one's "Bone Rank." | Korea between the first and seventh centuries |
| The Mongols wreaked havoc on _______________ beginning in the thirteenth century. | Korea |
| In one raid in 1254, the Mongols reportedly carried off 206,800 ___________male captives. | Korean |
| surrendered completely to Mongol rule in 1258. | Korea |
| were honored in Vietnamese history because they led a revolt against Han Chinese authority. | The Trung sisters |
| The most influential religion in Vietnam under Chinese rule was | Mahayana Buddhism. |
| Japan is approximately the same size as | California. |
| Only about 20 percent of the land surface in ____________is level enough for cultivation. | Japan |
| Agriculture in __________ has been intensive, with frequent double-cropping. | Japan |
| The main staple crop in __________ is rice. | Japan |
| was shaped to glorify the ruling family. | narrative of the mythological "Age of the Gods" in early Japanese writings |
| created a false picture of long centralized rule to enhance the Japanese self-image vis-à-vis China. | narrative of the mythological "Age of the Gods" in early Japanese writings |
| told how Niniji's great-grandson overcame other deities and founded the Japanese state. | narrative of the mythological "Age of the Gods" in early Japanese writings |
| featured reverence of the memory of dead family members and clan ancestors. | Primitive Shinto |
| According to tradition, Buddhism was introduced into Japan in | 552 C.E. |
| Though a devout Buddhist, he turned to Confucianism for organizing the government. | Prince Shotoku |
| He adopted the Chinese calendar. | Prince Shotoku |
| He was said to have been born holding a statue of the Buddha. | Prince Shotoku |
| In 607 he took the unprecedented step of sending an embassy to China. | Prince Shotoku |
| It abolished private land holdings and attempted to establish the T'ang land and tax system. | Taika (Great) Reform |
| A law code was compiled, sections of which were copied verbatim from the T'ang code. | Taika (Great) Reform |
| It made the ruler head of a theoretically centralized empire. | Taika (Great) Reform |
| The first Japanese capital city | was begun in 710. |
| were quite different in grammar and syntax. | Spoken Chinese and Japanese |
| incorporated thousands of Chinese words into their language. | The Japanese |
| was used exclusively in all early books by Japanese authors, whatever the subject, as well as in all government records and documents. | Chinese |
| was to that of Japan as the literature of Greece was to Rome. | The literature of China |
| was written by Lady Murasaki. | The Tale of Genji |
| portrayed a decadent society of cultivated but effete ladies and courtiers. | The Tale of Genji |
| was written by a member of the Fujiwara clan. | The Tale of Genji |
| painted a clear picture of the refined life of the court in Heian times. | The Tale of Genji |
| was known as bushido. | The samurai code |
| In 1266, Kubilai Khan sent envoys to Japan demanding submission. | Mongol relations with Japan |
| In 1274, an invasion force of 25,000 Mongols and Koreans landed at Hakata Bay in northern Kyushu. | Mongol relations with Japan |
| In 1281, a typhoon struck, wrecking the Mongol fleet and marooning Mongol soldiers who were invading Japan. | Mongol relations with Japan |
| was introduced to Japan at the end of the twelfth century. | Zen Buddhism |
| emphasized simplicity and discipline and was anti-scholastic. | Zen Buddhism |
| became the sect of the warrior caste of feudal Japan. | Zen Buddhism |
Created by:
jchavez
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