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History_5
Mongol+medieval Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Karakorum | capital of Mongolian empire, had ppl from all over the world living there due to invasions taking specialists from everywhere |
| Yurt/ger | Nomadics used animals for everything, Yurt = tent where they lived, made of wool and felt, large + portable |
| Nobles | charismatic leaders, organized clans into alliances, had full control during wartime but not much otherwise, became commoners if insufficient, had heirs |
| Commoners | military hierarchy could move up if outstanding in war |
| Islam | those living near Abbasid empire converted, helped spread Islam |
| Military Tactics of Mongols | "Khan" = ruler, amazing horsemen, arrow skills, coordinated fighting formation, mobile+ disciplined, could retreat easily if needed, |
| Abbasids+Turks | Saljuq Turks lived outside of Abbasid empire and slowly integrated into it |
| Saljuq Turks | became powerful within Abbasid empire, named sultans + ruled in background, entered and conquered Anatolia (vs. Byzantine) |
| Genghis Khan names | Temujin, Chinggis Khan |
| Genghis Khan | noble, unified mongols, made alliances and broke them easily, steppe diplomacy, set up Karakorum |
| Khwarazm Campaign | Saljuq turks rule afghanistan+persia, GK sends diplomats to have good relations, they are slaughtered so GK invades and conquered the land brutally |
| Khubilai Khan | ruthless attacks on enemies, cultural, welfare, Buddhist, tolerant, conquered all of China |
| Marco Polo | explorer who lived in his courts for 20 years, called him kind |
| Yuan Dynasty | Khubilai Khan conquered all of China after Song Dynasty, spread Buddhism, welcomed foreigners into china, liked Chinese culture but not the people, had foreigners lead dynasty, closed Confucian schools, wanted China only for money |
| Golden Horde | group of Mongols, overran Russia + moved into East Europe, did not occupy, collected tribunes |
| Communication and Integration | horsemen sped through land delivering messages, resettled people with great talents and skills, |
| Trade | trade routes kept safe, diplomats and missionaries went on them, much more trade occurred now throughout Eurasia |
| Bantu | language, group of ppl settle throughout Africa, bring farming, increased agricultural production farming and migration, bananas and metallurgy help advance in farming |
| Political Organization of Bantu | stateless society, segmentary society, governed themselves through family and kinship, small villages, male heads of houses in charge, chiefs communicated with each other, |
| Bantu Political Organization continued | lack of resources and population growth led to powerful chiefs conquering surrounding lands and forming city state kingdoms |
| Congo River | small states in river basin, Kingdom of Kongo is prosperous and centralized |
| Camel | brought from saudia arabia, perfect for crossing Sahara, doesn't need water for a long time, helped with trade+communication, used by Islamic merchants to trade across Sahara |
| Gao | terminus of caravan routes across Sahara, access to Niger River valley with many resources, independent city of trade |
| Ghana Kingdom | farmers wanted protection from raiders, formed kingdom, center of gold trade, got gold from south, rich, collapsed from nomadic raids |
| Gold | came from south to Ghana, in demand for growing Northern economies, |
| Islamic State | converted to have better relations with Islamic world, religion kept native aspects, wasn't enforced, |
| Mali Empire | Sundiata and Mansa Musa, Ghana empire + more, controlled and taxed trade, Islamic but tolerant, |
| Sundiata | built Mali empire, conquered Ghana+more with great cavalry, lion prince |
| Mansa Musa | nephew of Sundiata, ruled at Mali's high point, made pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), built mosques + Islamic schools |
| Swahili City States | spoke Swahili (Bantu + Arabic), trade with arabs brought wealth, chiefs became powerful and formed city states, rich, stone buildings and nice things, imported porcelain cotton silk, exported gold slaves ivory, Islamic |
| Zimbabwe | "dwelling of a chief", Great Zimbabwe = city of stone towers and palaces capital, stretched from Swahili into central Africa, kings controlled trade from center to Swahili |
| Axum | Ethiopian, Christian kingdom, got religion from merchants in Egypt, first royal Christian converts |
| Ethiopian Christianity | thought it would bring together culture, rulers claimed decedents were from David and Solomon, believed in spirits, carved rock churches, not much contact with other Christians |
| European political structures | regional states, trade and military conquest, population and economic growth |
| Holy Roman Empire | christian revival of rome, Otto of Saxony conquerer who helped aid church and was first Holy emperor, popes prevented growth, not holy nor Roman nor Empire |
| HRE vs. Papacy | prevented strong dynamic state, popes and emperors had tense relations, popes believed they had most authority |
| Investiture Contest | controversy over appointment of church officials, emperors used to name church officials, Pope Gregory VII ended this and excommunicated emperor Henry IV, eventually became emperor again but lost much authority |
| Capetians | Hugh Capet king of Paris, descendants gained power and land with good lord/retainer relationships, got most of France |
| Normans | founded English monarchy, descendants of Vikings, dukes built centralized duke ruled state, disregarded lords, retainers couldn't grant land |
| Duke William of Normandy | invaded England, William the conqueror, 1066, centralized monarchy |
| Granada | last Muslim state left after reconquista |
| Agriculture Growth | increased amounts of land from clearing of forests and swamps, experimented with new crop cultivation, watermills heavy plows, horseshoe and horse collar, increased quantity and quality, rapid population growth |
| Hanseatic League | Hansa, association of trading cities, Baltic and North sea, traders moved to trading posts but did not intermingle with culture |
| Dominican and Franciscan Friars | thought Roman Church had become too materialistic and corrupt, St. Francis and St. Dominic, begged for food from the ppl they preached too, worked within church, no personal possessions |
| Expansion of Europe | Vikings went to Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland. moved into Mediterranean basin,Christian Europe, normons conquered Spain |
| Reconquista | reconquest of Spain,took a long time, vs. Cordoba, Christian Forces, Granada last Muslim city, said "convert or leave" to Muslims |
| Crusades | holy wars, against pagans and Muslims, Roman Catholic Church, recapture of Palestine and Jerusalem, Normans and French conquered Jerusalem, 5 major crusades, only first ones successful, 4th one got Constantinople |
| Pope Urban II | launched crusades, promised salvation for those who reclaimed holy land. Peter the Hermit collected followers but his crusade failed |
| Saladin | Muslim leader, reconquered Jerusalem, Turks and Muslims and Egyptians banded against Christians |
| Impact of Crusades | large scale exchange of ideas, goods, technology between Europe and Muslims, paper numbers Aristotle science astronomy spices salt sugar all came to Europe, more and better trade, new European tastes for luxury, reintegration of WestEurope into East world |
Created by:
unknownstudent
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