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WHAP CH 12
Era of Tang and Song Dynasties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Period of the Five Dynasties | Era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han. |
| Wendi | Member of prominent northern Chinese family during the Period of the Six Dynasties; with support from northern nomadic peoples established Sui dynasty in 589. |
| Yangdi | Second Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618. |
| Li Yuan | Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire after assassination of Yangdi; first Tang ruler. |
| Ministry of Public Rites | Administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty |
| Jinshi | Title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office. |
| Chan Buddhism | Called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. |
| Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses. |
| Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism. |
| Yang Guifei | Royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt |
| Khitan nomads | Founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture. |
| Zhao Kuangyin | General who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu. |
| Zhu Xi | Most prominent neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life. |
| Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society. |
| Southern Song | Smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. |
| Jurchens | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south. |
| Grand Canal | Great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined the Yellow River region to the Yangzi basin. |
| Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. |
| Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency. |
| Changan | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any contemporary world city. |
| Huangzhou | Capital of later Song; location near East China Sea permitted international commerce; population of more than 1,500,000. |
| Foot binding | Male-imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household. |
| Bi Sheng | 11th-century artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most literate civilization of its time. |
| Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |
| Empress Wu | (690 – 705 C.E.) Tang ruler who supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. |
| Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, though he encouraged overexpansion. |
| Zhao Kuangyin | Founder of the Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome north Liao dynasty that remained independent. |
| Liao Dynasty | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. |
| Sinfication | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. |
| Neo-Confucians | Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era of China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. |
| Tangut tribes | Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226. |
| Xi Xia | Kingdom of the Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry. |
| Jin kingdom | Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234. |
Created by:
mrcooper
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