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WHAP CH 11
The Americas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Indian | Misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous American peoples; implies social and ethnic commonality that did not exist among Native Americans |
| Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; capital at Tula; militaristic, cult of human sacrifice |
| Aztecs | Mexica; nomadic tribe that settled the sedentary zone of Mesoamerica after fall of Toltecs; empire built from 1325ad around Tenochtitlan |
| Pipiltin | Nobility in Aztec society; formed by intermarriage of Aztecs with people tracing lineage back to Toltecs |
| Tlacaelel | Advisor to Aztec rulers (1427-1480); had histories of Mexico rewritten; expanded use of human sacrifice as a tool for political terror |
| Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with the old sun god |
| Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors |
| Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane; "floating islands" used for agriculture by Aztecs |
| Pochteca | Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items |
| Inca socialism | Description of Inca society as a type of utopia; carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole empire |
| Twantinsuyu | Inca word for their empire |
| Inca | group of clans (allyu) centered at Cuzco; created an empire in the Andes during the 15th century; also the title of the ruler |
| Pachacuti | Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that created the Inca empire |
| Topac Yupanqui | Inca ruler (1471-1493); extended his father's conquests; seized kingdom of Chimor and pushed into Equador |
| Huanya Capac | Inca ruler (1493-1527); brought the empire to its greatest extent |
| Split inheritance | Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to the successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of the male descendants to support the dead ruler's mummy |
| Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past rulers |
| Curacas | Local rulers who the Incas left in office in return for loyalty |
| Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for runners carrying messages |
| Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and religion; all communities were expected to contribute; essential part of Inca control |
| Quipu | System of knotted strings used by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records |
| Hernan Cortes | (1485-1547) Led expedition of 600 Spanish soldiers to coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec empire; captured Tenochtitlan |
| Anasazi | Native American culture which thrived in the Southwest from 200ad to 1200ad; known for cliff dwellings and growing maize |
| Hopewell | Native American culture which centered in the Ohio valley from 200ad to 500ad; known for earthen burial and defensive mounds |
| Flowery death | Death while taking prisoners to be sacrificed |
| Metates | Stone boards used for grinding corn by hand |
| Viracucha | Inca creator god |
| Huacas | Inca holy shrine where prayers were offered |
| Yanas | Inca class of people who were removed from their allyus and served permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for rulers or nobility |
Created by:
mrcooper
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