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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| secularism | religion is less-significant to communities |
| animism | all objects are animate and have souls/feelings/are alive |
| universalizing religions | believed to appeal to universal populus (everyone) due to offering a belief system that benefits all (ex: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism) |
| ethnic religions | you must be born into faith; no converts (ex. Hinduism) |
| top 5 religions in the world | 1) Christianity, 2)Islam, 3) Hinduism, 4) Buddhism, 5) Sikhism |
| origin/diffusion of Islam | diffused fromm Christianity; kings used armies to spread religion along Arabian Penninsula; 1.3 billion followers |
| Hinduism | conglomeration of beliefs characterized by great diversity of gods and goddesses, karma, reincarnation, and a caste system |
| Judaism | monotheistic religion; Zionism; about 5 million Jews in Europe & 5 million in Asia |
| diaspora | the diffusion of Judaism |
| fastest growing religion in the world | Islam |
| caste system | system of layers based on categorizing people by their class |
| lingua franca | a common language adopted between speakers whose native languages are different; used commercially |
| dialect | variants of a standard language based on regional/ethnic lines |
| mutual intelligibility | two people can understand each other when speaking |
| 1993 Top 5 Languages of the World | 1) Mandarin, 2) English, 3) Spanish, 4) Hindi, 5) Russian |
| 2004 Top 5 Languages of the World | 1) Mandarin, 2) English, 3) Hindi, 4) Spanish, 5) Arabic |
| 2011 Top 5 Languages of the World | 1) Mandarin, 2) Spanish & English, 3) Arabic, 4) Hindi, 5) Portugese & Bengali |
| backward reconstruction | traces migration back to "home" to discover the original source of the spoken language |
| deep reconstruction | completely recontructs a former language after backwards reconstruction |
| Nostratic language | the ancient ancestor of Proto-Indo-European language, as well as the Kartvelian languages, Uralic-Altaic landuages, the Dravidian languages of India, and the Afro-Asiatic lanuages of Arabia |
| language divergence/convergence | how languages are created |
| pidgin language | two languages combine structures into a simplified vocabulary |
| descriptive toponyms | Rocky Mountains, Chicago (Stinking Onions) |
| Associative toponyms | Mill River (a mill was on the river), Springfield (a spring was in the field) |
| Incident Names | Battle Creek, Bloody Ridge, Cut and Shoot |
| Possessive Names | Castro Valley, Pittsburg |
| Commemorative (commemorating someone well-known or in honor of a famous person) | St. Louis, San Jacinto, Houston, Seattle (named after Chief Seattle), Austin, Pennsylvania (Penn's woods), Illinois (after the Illini Indians) |
| Commendatory (praising) | Pleasant Valley, Greenland |
| Manufactured (made up names) | Tesnus ('Sunset' spelled backwards), Reklaw ('Walker' spelled backwards), Iraan (Ira and Ann named the town after each other), Truth or Consequences |
| Mistaken (historic errors in identification or translation) | West Indies (not west of the Indies and not Indies) |
| Shift Names (relocated name or names from settler's homeland; sometimes religious) | Athens (Greece and Texas), Palestine (Middle East and Texas), New Mexico (settlers named new home after previous home), Zion, Chapel Hill, Jerusalem |
| Post-Colonial Toponyms | toponyms named after colonial times |
| Postrevolutionary Toponyms | toponyms named after revolutionary times |
| memorial toponyms | Washington, Jacksonville |
| Commodification toponyms | agriculture-based toponyms |
| weird toponyms | Kdajfkldhfgjaghj, NY |
| Body Part/Bathroom Humor Toponyms | Broken Knee, Bended Elbow |
| Hinduism food laws | no cows |
| Jewish food laws | Kosher laws |
| Islam food laws | Halal |
| Western religions think... | linearly, seeking converts |
| Eastern religions think... | cyclically, not seeking converts |
| barrio | neighborhood |
| largest ethnic minority | hispanics |
| French Language Laws | any languages presented must also be presented in French |
| lingua franca debate | whether English will still be the lingua franca in 2100 |
| housing types | bungalo, single/double pile, ranch, & irregular mass |
| religious hearths | where religions begin and remain based out of |
| Noah Webster | wrote the first dictionary |
| basques | Non-Indo-European languages |
| standard language | most-spoken language |
| official language | government enforced language |
| disposal of the dead | burial, cremation, & exposure |
| identifying against | using one's natural culture to critique and understand the culture of another (to observe how they are different) |
| syncretic | borrowing beliefs from other religions |
| orthodox church | suppressed in the 20th century; one of three major branches of Christianity; revivial in Soviet areas |
Created by:
mqm817
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