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Chap. 7
Religion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Secularism | Ethics and morals not based in religion |
| Religion | "beliefs and practices that attempt to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities" |
| Monotheistic Religions | One God |
| Polytheistic Religions | Many gods |
| Animistic Religions | Belief that inanimate objects have spiritual powers |
| Universalizing Religions | Believe themselves to offer universal appropriateness, actively seek converts: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism |
| Ethnic Religions | Born into the faith, passively seek converts: Judaism, Hinduism, Shintoism |
| Hinduism | 3rd Religion; one of the oldest religions; no founder, common theology, or agreement of origin; Mono/Poly - Brahmin and his variations; holy books - Vedas Major points - Karma and Reincarnation |
| Buddhism | Splintered from Hinduism Prince Siddhartha - Buddha (enlightened one) Salvation through: enlightenment and knowledge; elimination of greed, craving and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal |
| Shintoism | Buddhism mixed with local Japanese religion; ethnic religion |
| Taoism | Lao-Tsu published Tao-te-ching (Book of the Way); proper form of political rule, and oneness of humanity and nature; Feng Shui - art and science of organizing life spaces; Geomancers - know the desires of the spirits |
| Confucianism | Philosophy of life; lack of supernatural beliefs |
| Judaism | From the Jews - nomadic Semitic tribes in Southwest Asia; only one god |
| Reform | Adjusting Judaism to modern times |
| Orthodox | Retained old precepts |
| Conservative | Middle of the extremes |
| Diaspora | Spatial dispersion of members of any ethnic group |
| Ashkenazim | Jews that went north into Central Europe |
| Sephardim | Jews that went across North Africa and into the Iberian Peninsula |
| Zionism | Jews should not be absorbed into other societies; they should have a homeland |
| Christianity | Jesus; Calender centered around Christ |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | Centered in Constantinople; split from Roman Catholicism |
| Roman Catholic Church | Centered in Rome; Pope is great; controlled much of Europe in the past |
| Protestant | Challenged certain aspects of Roman Catholicism; created new church |
| Islam | Youngest; Muhammad; Allah; two major sects Sunni and Shi'ite |
| Sunni | Majority; supported Ali |
| Shi'ite | Concentrated in Iran |
| Imams | Shi'ite Muslim leaders 'appointed by Allah'; without sin and infallible |
| Sayyids and Sharifs | Descendants of Ali |
| Shamanism | Community following a shaman: religious leader, teacher, healer, visionary |
| Pilgrimage | Act of travel to holy place to perform a ritual |
| Sacred Sites | Places with attached religious meanings Examples: Ka'Ba and Jerusalem |
| Minarets | Towers on Islamic mosques to call people to worship |
| Genocide |
Created by:
Emily.Austin
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