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Trunk region O&I
Origins, Insertions, Actions trunk segment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscles of the trunk region | superior trapezius, midldle trapezius, inferior trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids minor, rhomboids major, longissimus, quadratus lumborum, rectus abdominis, obliqus esternus abdominis, obliqus internus abdominis |
| bony landmarks of the vertebrae | cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral body, intervertebral disc, spinal nerve |
| components of interverbral disc | annulous fibrous and nucleus pulposis |
| the two opposing objectives of the spine | rigidity/alignment and movement |
| the 3 MAIN regions of the vertebral column | cervical (neck), thoracic (ribs), lumbar |
| define scoliosis | lateral curvature of the spine |
| 2 forms of scoliosis | functional, structural |
| source of functional scoliosis | soft tissue, tightness and tension of the ligaments/tendons |
| source of structural scoliosis | bones or intervertebral discs may be affected - by birth or accident |
| 2 types of curves of scoliosis | S curve and C curve |
| number of focal points of an S curve | two |
| number of focal points of a C curve | one |
| areas of the body that can be affected by scoliosis | ribs and scapulae, tilting of sacrum and possibly coccyl bones |
| another word for a concave curve | lordosis |
| another word for a convex curve | khyphosis |
| areas of the spine with a natural slight lordosis | cervical, lumbar |
| area of the spine with a natural slight khyphosis | thoracic and sacrum |
| exageration of a concave curve | hyperlordosis |
| diminishment of a concave curve | hypolordosis |
| exageration of a convex curve | hyperkyphosis |
| diminishment of a convex curve | hypokyphosis |
| components of the axial skeleton | cranium + vertebral column + ribs + costal cartillages + sternum |
| number of ribs | 12 pair |
| number of true ribs | 7 pair |
| number of false ribs | 3 pair |
| number of floating ribs | 2 pair |
| parts of the sternum | manubrium, body, xyphoid process |
| components of a typical vertrebrae | vertebral body, neural arch, 2 transverse processes, spinous process, 4 articular facets (2 inferior, 2 superior) |
| movements of the spine (with fixed pelvis) | flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation |
| movements of the pelvis | anteversion, retroversion, elevation, depression |
| definition of an ipsilateral movement | the action and the result occur on the same side of the body |
| definition of a contralateral movement | the action and result occur on opposite sides of the body |
| definition of a unilateral movement | using the muscle on one side of the body |
| definition of a bilateral movement | using the 2 muscles on both sides of the body |
| bony landmarks of the coxal bone | posterior iliac crest, anterior iliac crest, pubis |
| ASIS | anterior superior iliac spine |
| PSIS | posterior superior iliac spine |
| longissimus origin and insertions (2) | origin: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1 - L5 insertions: 1- transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae T1 - T12 2- ribs 3 - 12 |
| longissimus main actions | 1-bilateral: trunk extension 2-unilateral: trunk lateroflexion |
| quadratus lumborum origin and insertions (2) | origin: posterior iliac crest insertions: 1-transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1 - L5 2- rib 12 |
| rectus abdominis origin and insertions (2) | origin: pubic tubercle of the pubis insertions: 1- ribs 5, 6, 7 2- xyphoid process of the sternum |
| quadratus lumborum main actions (3) | 1-pelvic elevation 2-lumbar lateroflexion 3-extension of lumbar/spine region |
| rectus abdominis main actions (2) | 1-trunk flexion 2-pelvic retroversion |
| obliquus externus abdominis origin, insertions (3) | origin: lateral surface of ribs 5 - 12 insertions: 1- iliac crest 2- abdominal aponeurosis 3- inguinal ligament |
| obliquus externus abdominis main actions (3) | 1-unilateral - trunk contralateral rotation 2-bilateral - trunk flexion 3-bilateral - pelvic retroversion |
| obliquus internus abdominis origins (3), insertions (2) | origins 1-pubis 2-iliac crest 3-inguinal ligamant insertions 1- ribs 9 - 12 2- abdominal aponeurosis |
| obliquus internus abdominis main actions (3) | 1-unilateral - trunk ipsilateral rotation 2-bilateral - trunk flexion 3-bilateral - pelvic retroversion |
| muscles with action at cervical spine | superior trapezius levator scapulae |
| muscles with action at pelvis | quadratus lumborum rectus abdominis obliquus externus abdominis obliquus internus abdominis |
| synergist muscles for trunk extension | longissimus quadratus lumborum |
| synergist muscles for trunk rotation | obliquus externus abdominis , obliquus internus abdominis |
| ALL bony landmarks required to be known for this trunk segment | occiput, all verterbrae C1-S4 (spinous or transverse processes), superior angle of scapula, all ribs 1-12, iliac crest, sternum, xyphoid process, pubis - pubic tubercle, abdominal aponeurosis, inguinal ligament, |
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