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Unit 4-Collins
Main figures in the industrial revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jethro Tull | Invented the seed drill in 1701 |
| Robert Bakewell | Only bred his best sheep together. The average weight of sheep climbed from 18 lbs. to 50 lbs. |
| John Kay | Invented a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels that doubled the work a weaver could do in 1 day in 1733. |
| James Hargreaves | Invented a spinning wheel that allowed you to work 8 threads at a time in 1764. Named it the Spinning Jenny, after his daughter. |
| Richard Arkwright | Invented the water frame in 1769. |
| Edmund Cartwright | Invented the power loom to speed up weaving in 1787. |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin in 1793. |
| James Watt | Figured out a way to make the steam engine faster and work with less fuel in 1765. |
| Robert Fulton | His steam boat, The Clermont, ferried passengers down the Hudson River. |
| Matthew Boulton | Watt's Entrepreneur. |
| John McAdam | Known as Tar McAdam, equipped roads with a layer of large stones for drainage and on top, put a layer of smooth crushed rock. |
| Thomas Telford | Helped John McAdam |
| Richard Trevithick | Won a bet of several thousand dollars by hauling 10 tons of iron over 10 miles in a steam-driven locomotive in 1804. |
| George Stephenson | Built 20 engines for mine operators and opened the world's first railroad line in 1825. Him and his son built The Rocket that hauled a 13 ton load at more than 24 mph. |
| Henry Cort | Developed the Puddling and rolling method. |
| William Kelly and Henry Bessember | Developed the Kelly-Bessember process involving forcing air through the hot, melted iron, to speed up burning off of carbon and other impurities. |
| Samuel Morse | Developed the telegraph system in 1831. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Patented the telephone in 1876. |
| Cyrus McCormick | Invented the reaper and boosted American wheat production in 1831. |
| I.M. Singer | Improved the sewing machine with a foot treadle in 1851. |
| Samuel Slater | Made a spinning machine from only memory and partial design in 1789. |
| Moses | Opened the first factory in the US in 1789. |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | Put all the aspects of the textile industry together into 1 factory. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Founded the oil company. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Founded the steel company. |
| Jeremy Bentham | -Introduced Utilitarianism -Gov. should promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people -individual should be free to pursue his own advantage w/o interference from the state |
| John Stuart Mill | -led the utilitarian movement in the 1800s -questioned unregulated capitalism -helped ordinary people with less rights |
| Robert Owen | -improved working conditions for employees -prohibited children under 10 from working in the mill -founded a cooperative community in New Harmony, Indiana in 1825 |
| Charles Fourier | -developed socialism -government should control factories, mines, railroads, ect. -government should actively plan the economy |
| Marx and Engels | Books: The Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital -argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes |
| Adam Smith | Book: The Wealth of Nations pub in 1776 -idea of free economy/markets -government should not interfere with economy -people should follow their best interest -secretly donated large amounts of his income to charities |
| David Ricardo | Book: Principals of Political Economy and Taxation pub in 1817 -capitalism -believed wages should be forced down as population increased |
| Thomas Malthus | Book: An Essay on the Principle of Population pub in 1798 -population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply -W/o wars/epidemics to kill off extra people, most were destined to be poor |
| Edison | lightbulb & phonograph |
| Bell | patented the telephone |
| Marconi | first radio |
| Ford | automobile |
| Wright Brothers | gasoline powered plane |
| Pasteur | bacteria & pasteurization |
| Lister | set a standard of cleanliness in hospitals |
| Darwin | Book: The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; evolution |
| Mendel | inheritance of genetic traits |
| Dalton | compounds and elements |
| Mendeleev | organized elements into a chart based on weight |
| Curies | discovered radio activity |
| Rutherford | atoms are made of even smaller parts |
| Pavlov | training of animals |
| Freud | therapy called psychoanalysis |
Created by:
kaatherine
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