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APP 131
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Massage & Digestive System: | Stimulate cellular metabolism & increase the delivery of nutrients |
| Massage hastens the process | speeds up the process of digestion |
| Massage can mechanically | push poop through the intestines |
| Massage evokes the parasympathiec nervous response | to encourage digestion |
| Food contain nutrients to: | Build new body tissues,repair damaged tissues, and chemical energy (ATP) |
| The Digestive system: | Nutients need to be broken down into small components to pass through cells plasma membrane |
| The 3 chief functions of the Digestive System: | 1. Digestion-breakdown of nutrients. 2. Aborption-transfer of nutrients from the gut into the blood. 3. Elimination of wastes-undigested material must be elimanted. |
| Nutrients 1: | Lipids/fats, carbohydrated and proteins THESE NEED TO BE DIGESTED |
| Nutrients 2: | Vitamins, minerals and H2o DO NOT NEED TO BE DIGESTED |
| Two groups of organs w/in the digestive system 1: | 1. Digestive tract-a continous tube that carries food from entance (mouth) to exit (anus) |
| Two groups of organs w/in the digestive system 2: | 2.Accessory organs- contribute to the digestive process-absorption and elimination |
| Walls of the digestive tract Mucous membrane (mucosa): (most superficial layer) | lines the lumen of the GI Tract, epithelial layer (lining of the tract), contains many mucus secreting cells |
| Walls of the digestive tract-Submucosa | Layer of connective tissue that sits beneath mucosa, contains nere ending that help regulate digestive activity and contains many mucus producing glands. |
| Walls of the digestive tract-Smooth Muscle (muscularis-smooth mm layer) | this layer contracts to mix food with digestive enzymes & propel it fwd in GI tract |
| Walls of the digestive tract-Serous Membrane aka Thorosa: (deepest layer) | Thin tissue composed of epithelial and connective tissue thaat forms part of the peritoneum. (serous membrane layer) |
| The peritoneum (serous membrane layer) is: | the largest serous membrane in the body and lines the abdominopelvic cavity |
| The peritoneum has two layers: 1- Visceral peritonuem | covers the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| The peritoneum has two layers: 2-Parietal Peritoneum | lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| What is the space between the parietal & visceral pertoneum that contains fluid to reduce friction? | Peritoneal cavity |
| Peritoneal Subdivisions- Mesentery | Binds small intestine to posterior abdominal wall (vessels & nerves run through mesentery that supply the intestine) |
| Peritoneal Subdivisions-Mesocolon | Bind the large intestine to poserior abdominal wall |
| Peritoneal Subdivisions- Greater Omentum | "Fatty apron" that hangs from stomach & sits over coils of small intestine |
| Peritoneal Subdivisions-lesser Omentum: | Suspends stomache and small intestine from the liver |
| Organs of the Digestive Tract 1 Oral Cavity(passage of food) | MOUTH AKA ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH |
| Components of the oral cavity- Tongue | Muscular organ, aids in chewing and swallowing-principle organ in speech and provides tase sensation. |
| Components of the oral cavity-Teeth | complete set of teeth-32 |
| Functions of the oral cavity-Ingestion | receives food (eating) |
| Functions of the oral cavity-mechanical digestion | carried out by teeth and tungue (chewing) |
| (Functions of the oral cavity)Mastication-food grounnd by teeth, mixed with saliva and forms: | Bolus-soft, easily swallowed mass |
| (Functions of the oral cavity)Chemical Digestion is: | carried out by salivary glads |
| (functions of the oral cavity) there are 3 pairs of salivary glands: | Parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| (functions of the oral cavity) Salivary glands facilitates: | chewing and swallowing |
| (functions of the oral cavity) Salivary amylase is an enzyme that: | Digests carbohydrates or breakdown of sugars |
| Organs of the Digestive Tract 2: Pharnyx | Deglutition- a volntary process & involuntary process. |
| (Organs of the digestive tract-pharynx) Deglutition movement of bolus from mouth into pharynx is: | voluntary proces |
| (organs of the digestive tract-pharnyx) Deglutition movement of bolus from pharynx into esophagus is: | an involuntary relex |
| Organs of the Digestive Tract 3: Esophagus is a: | Collasibl muscular tube, posterir to trachea |
| The Esophagus is how long? | 10inches long |
| The Esophagus secretes: | mucus and transports food to the stomach. |
| The esophagus does not: | secrete any digestive enzymes |
| The Peristalsis (part of the esophagus) | pushes bolus fwd down into the stomache due to mm contractins that are circular and longitudnal (squeezing motion) |
| The lower esophageal sphincter (part of the esophagus) is between: | The esophagus and stomach |
| The job of the Esophageal Sphincter is to: | stay closed and acid doesn't move up to esophagus. |
| If the Esophageal Sphincter does not close it creates: | An acid reflex known as G.E.R.D. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| What happens when GERD occurs? | Stomach contents reflux back up into esophagus, stomach acid irritates esophageal wall that creates heartburn. |
| Massage considerations for GERD? | REclined position-prevents regurgitation. |
| Tx considerations for someone with GERD? | Avoid foods that stimulate stomach acid secretion (coffee, chocolate, tomatoes, fatty foods, take antiacids. |
| Organs of the Digestive Tract 4. Stomach | J-shaped enlargement of GI tract; under diaphragm in superior left region of abdominal cavity |
| The stomach is a mixing vat & storage pouch that: | allows small amounts of food into small intestine at a time |
| The stomach is surrounded by 3 layers of muscle: | Longitudinal, circular and oblique that helps to grind food and mix it with digestive juices |
| The stomach has very little absorption with the exception of: | water, ions, aspirin and alcohol |
| The stomach lining has large folds (When empty) named: | Rugae |
| What seperates the stomach and small intestine? | Pyloric Sphincter |
| Mechanical Digestion -in the stomach is: | churning- a mixing of waves pass over the stomach to reduce bolus to chyme |
| Chyme is: (still part of the mechanical digestion of the stomach section) | a semi liquid mixture of gastric juice and food |
| Chemical digestion of the stomach are: | cells in the stomach mucosa that secrete gastric juice and mucus |
| Chemical digestion of the stomach-Gastric juice- | is stomach acid that helps breakdown protein and destroys foregin organisms |
| chemical digestion of the stomach (still a part of gastric juice)-Pepsin | Digests protein enzyme-activated by acid |
| Chemical digestion of the stomach-Mucus protects: | stomach lining from acidic gastric juice |
| Small intestine (still part of the stomach organ) | Where most digestion and absorption occur |
| The small intestine is __ long? | 10 ft long |
| The small intestine has 3 regions: | Duodenum-begining, Jejunum-middle, Ileum-end |
| Digestion of the small intestine: | Most digestion occurs in the Small intestine |
| What prtects the Small Intestine lining from acidic gastric juice? | Mucus |
| Chemical digestion of the small intestine | Brush border enzymes digest carbohydrates |
| Digestive juices from the ___and ___ enter the___ and further digest chyme | liver and pacreas and enter the duodenum |
| Mechanical digestion of the small intestine: | segmentation is localized mixing with digestive enzymes |
| Migrating Motor Complex (MMMC) is a type of peristalsis that begins @ the ____ and moves toward the____ | stomach and moves toward the ileum |
| Absorption in the small intestine: | Most absorption of digested food,water and minerals occur here |
| 90% of absorption occurs in the Small Intestine and __occurs in the stomach and large intestine | 10% |
| Special adaptation of mucosa for absorption are circular folds that: | help increase the surface area, |
| Special adaptations of mucosa for absorption are villi that are like: | finger like projections that further help increase surface area |
| special adaptations of mucosa for absorption are cells on villi that: | have microvilli-projections of the cell membrane for absorption furhter increasing the surface area |
| Result of special adaptations job: | To provide a HUGE SURFACE AREA |
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