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breathing 11.8
muscles used in breathing
| muscle | origin | insertion | action | intervation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| diaphragm | xiphoid process of the sternum, costal cartilages and adjacent portions of the inferior six ribs, lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs and the 12th rib | central tendon | contraction of the diaphragm causes it to flatten and invreases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation. relaxation of the diapragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases the vertical dimension thor cav result exhalation | phrenic nerve, which contains axons from cervical and spinal nerve c3 - c5 |
| external intercostals | inferior border of rib above | superior border of rib below | contraction elevates ribs and increases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity result in inhalation, relazation depresses the ribs and decreses the ribs and decreses the anteroposterir and lateral dimensions thorcav res exhalat | thoracic spinal nerved t2 - t12 |
| internal intercostals | superior border of rib below | inferior border of rib above | contraction draws adjacent ribs togather to further desrease the anteroposterir and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity during forced exhalation | thoracic spinal nerves t2 - t12 |