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Greek Civilization I
Covers the first page of outline notes - VZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hellas | The Greek name for Greece |
| Hellenes | those who traced their history back to a powerful king, Hellen, a name by which the Greeks became known |
| Mycenaeans | Civilization that dominated Greece and the Aegean after the fall of the Minoans |
| Dorians | northern invaders of southern Greece, ancestors of the Spartans |
| Hubris | Excessive pride |
| aristoi | men who rose to prominence because of increased wealth, based on personal qualities as well |
| Dark Ages | Period of decline after the invasion of Dorians, profound effet on political assumptions of the classical Greeks |
| Characteristics of Greek gods | capricious, superhuman, interfering in human affairs |
| Main occupation of the aristoi | Trade, plunder, piracy |
| Idea of heroic ideals | based on Homeric writings |
| Iliad | Epic recounting the Trojan War |
| Odyssey | Trials & tribulation of Odysseus on his return journey of 20 years |
| Argos | Only one to recognize Odysseus on his return |
| Polis | City and its surrounding area |
| Phoenicians | introduced alphabet and design for trade ships |
| asty | the heart of the city, market place |
| khora | the lands that surrounded the city |
| synoikismos | the process of early polis formation, literaly, the "bringing together of dwellings" |
| Magna Graecia | Roman name" Greater Greece" colonies established in Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere |
| Panhellenism | "all Greeks have a common heritage" |
| Olympiads | Series of games dedicated to the Greek Gods, time of peace, allowed for sense of community, every four years |
| Hoplite warfare | Foot soldiers that protected the aristocrats and the polis |
| phalanx | Tight military formation, rows and columnns, well-coordinated action, short battles |
| hoplon | hoplite shield |
| symposium | social, boys club, used for entertainment and political advances |
| homosexuality | practiced among some Athenian aristocracy - sexual and political mentorship |
| tyrannos | one who seized power outside ordinary practices |
| demos | the people, began receiving more rights through demands of hoplites |
| Athens | Attica city state, first democracy |
| magistrates | city administrators |
| archons | 9 aristracts that held executive power, one year term |
| Aeropagus Council | elected archos, self-sustaining elite group, each archon became member of council after serving 1 year term |
| Debt slavery | used by aristocracy to collect debts |
| Drako (Draco) | first reformer, first harsh codification of laws |
| draconian | adj - extremely harsh |
| Solon | ended up pleasing no one, more rights for demos, eliminated debt slavery, jury trials |
| Psistratus | Gather to the lower classes, coined moned, reduced taxes, nepotism, paradise |
| Cleisthenes | Father of Athenian democracy, changed tribes based on location & loyalty to state, increased council to 500, introduced ostracism |
| ostracism | political exile of a rival, ten year period |
| Sparta | City state on Peloponnesus, military, government - different |
| dual monarchy | 2 kings prevented aristocratic competition, one elected to serve as military leader, the other civil |
| Apella | Council consisting of males ovoer 30, voted yes/no on suggestions of elders |
| gerousia | Council of Elders, those over sixty, with age comes wisdon |
| Krypteia | "secret police", kept eye on helots, |
| helots | Messenian slaves, tied to land, occupied western of the Peloponnesus, conquered by Spartan & enslaved |
| Spartiates | the professional soldiers, the warriors, strict military training |
| Periokoi | those who travel, the class that did trade, etc. for Spartans who were not allowed to travel |
| Miletus | Hellenic city of Ionia, center of pre-Socratic thought, first city to establish colonies |
| Milesian School | phiolosophic thinkers, based on rational thought and materials, cosmos not controlled by capricious god |
| Thales | Father of Philosophy, Four elements, water most important |
| Anaimander | Air most important element |
| Herodotus | Father of History, Wrote History of the Persian Wars |
| Thucydides | Scientific Historian - History of the Peloponnesean Wars |
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