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MT-Ch 4 Vocab
Medical Terminology Vocabulary Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adipose | fatty; relating to fat |
| alopecia | lack of hair in spots; baldness |
| apocrine glands | glands that appear during and after puberty and secrete sweat, as from the armpits |
| ceruminous glands | glands that secrete a waxy substance on the surface of the ear |
| collagen | major protein substance that is tough and flexible and that forms connective tissue in the body |
| corium | other name for dermis |
| cuticle | thin band of epidermis that surrounds the edge of nails, except at the top |
| dermis | layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and some glands |
| diaphoresis | excretion of fluid by the sweat glands; sweating |
| eccrine glands | sweat glands that occur all over the body, except where the apocrine glands occur |
| epidermis | outer portion of the skin containing several strata |
| exocrine glands | glands that secrete through ducts toward the outside of the body |
| hair follicle | tubelike sac in the dermis out of which the hair shaft develops |
| hair root | portion of the hair beneath the skin surface |
| hair shaft | portion of the hair visible above the skin surface |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous skin layer; layer below the dermis |
| integument | skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it |
| keratin | hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair |
| lunula | half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail plate |
| melanin | pigment produced by melanocytes that determines skin, hair, and eye color |
| melanocyte | cell in the epidermis that produces melanin |
| nail | thin layers of keartin that cover the distal portion of fingers and toes |
| papillary layer | thing sublayer of the dermis containing small papillae (nipple-like masses) |
| pore | opening or hole, particularly of the skin |
| reticular layer | bottom sublayer of the dermis containing reticula (network of structures with connective tissue between) |
| sebaceous glands | glands in the dermis that open to hair follicles and secrete sebum |
| sebum | oily substance, usually secreted into the hair follicle |
| squamous epithelium | flat, scaly layer of cells that makes up the epidermis |
| stratified squamous epithelium | layers of epithelial cells that make up the strata of epithelium of the epidermis |
| stratum | layers of tissue, especially a layer of the skin |
| stratum corneum | top sublayer of the epidermis |
| stratum germinativum | bottoms sublayer of the epidermis |
| striae | stretch marks made in the collagen fibers of the dermis layer |
| subcutaneous layer | bottom layer of the skin containing fatty tissue |
| sweat glands | coiled glands of the skin that secrete perspiration to regulate body temperature and excrete waste products |
| dermatology | medical specialty that deals with diseases of the skin |
| exudate | any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin |
| intradermal test | test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin |
| Mantoux test | test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe |
| patch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze |
| PPD | purified protein derivative of tuberculin |
| Schick test | test for diphtheria |
| scratch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin |
| tine test, TB tine | screening test for tuberculosis in which a small does of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin) |
| abscess | localized collection of pus and other exudate, usually accompanied by swelling and redness |
| acne | inflammatory eruption of the skin, occurring in or near the sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulder, or upper back |
| acne vulgaris | see acne |
| actinic keratosis | overgrowth of horny skin that forms from over-exposure to sunlight; sunburn |
| albinism | rare, congenital condition causing either partial or total lack of pigmentation |
| alopecia areata | loss of hair in patches |
| basal cell carcinoma | slow-growing cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis usually a result of sun damage |
| birthmark | lesion (especially a hemangioma) visible at or soon after birth; nevus |
| blackhead | see comedo |
| bulla | bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin |
| burn | damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants |
| callus | mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands |
| candidiasis | yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida; characterized by pruritis, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding; examples are thrush and diaper rash |
| carbuncle | infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever |
| cellulitis | severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling |
| cherry angioma | a dome-shaped vascular angioma lesion that usually occurs in the elderly |
| chloasma | group of fairly large, pigmented facial patches, often associated with pregnancy |
| cicatrix | growth of fibrous tissue inside a wound that forms a scar; also, general term for scar |
| cold sore | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1 |
| comedo | open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; blackhead |
| corn | growth of hard skin, usually on the toes |
| crust | hard layer, especially one formed by dried pus, as in a scab |
| cyst | abnormal sac containing fluid |
| decubitus ulcer | chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore |
| depigmentation | loss of color of the skin |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| discoid lupis erythematosus (DLE) | mild form of lupus |
| ecchymosis | purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface |
| eczema | severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause |
| erosion | wearing away of the surface |
| exanthematous viral disease | viral disease that causes a rash on the skin |
| excoriation | injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanies by some oozing |
| fever blister | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| first-degree burn | least severe burn, causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering |
| fissure | deep slit in the skin |
| furuncle | localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil |
| gangrene | death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area |
| genital herpes | See herpes simplex virus Type 2 |
| herpes | an inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae |
| herpes simplex virus Type 1 | Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress |
| herpes simplex virus Type 2 | Herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact |
| herpes zoster | painful herpes that affect nerve roots; shingles |
| hives | see urticaria |
| impetigo | a type of pyoderma |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | skin cancer associated with AIDS |
| keloid | thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury or surgery |
| keratosis | lesion on the epidermis containing keratin |
| lesion | wound, damage, or injury to the skin |
| leukoderma | absence of pigment in the skin or in an area of the skin |
| leukoplakia | white patch of mucous membrane on the tongue or cheek |
| macule | small, flat, noticeably colored spot on the skin |
| malignant melanoma | virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun |
| neoplasm | abnormal tissue growth |
| nevus | birthmark |
| nodule | small knob of tissue |
| onychia, onychitis | inflammation of the nail |
| onychopathy | disease of the nail |
| papule | small, solid elevation on the skin |
| paronychia | inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate |
| patch | small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; plaque |
| pediculated polyp | polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk |
| pediculosis | lice infestation |
| pemphigus | autoimmune disease that causes skin blistering |
| petechia | a tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin |
| pilonidal | cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end of the spinal column |
| plantar wart | wart on the sole of the foot |
| plaque | see patch |
| polyp | bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface |
| pressure sore | see decubitus ulcer |
| pruritus | itching |
| psoriasis | chronic skin condition accompanies by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus |
| purpura | skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area |
| pustule | small elevation on the skin containing pus |
| pyoderma | any inflammation of the skin that produces pus |
| ringworm | fungal infection; tinea |
| rosacea | vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks |
| roseola | skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus |
| rubella | disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles |
| rubeola | disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles |
| scabies | skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin |
| scale | small plate of hard skin that falls off |
| scleroderma | thickening of the skin cause by an increase in collagen formation |
| sebaceous | cyst containing yellow sebum |
| seborrhea | overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands |
| second-degree burn | moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering |
| sessile polyp | polyp that projects upward from a broad base |
| shingles | viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster |
| squamous cell carcinoma | cancer of the squamous epithelium |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs |
| telangiectasia | a permanent dilation of the small blood vessels |
| third-degree burn | most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin |
| tinea | fungal infection; ringworm |
| tumor | any mass of tissue; swelling |
| ulcer | open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue |
| urticaria | group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy (hives) |
| varicella | contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox |
| vascular lesion | lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin |
| verruca | flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart |
| vesicle | small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid |
| vitiligo | condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin |
| wart | see verruca |
| wheal | itchy patch of raised skin |
| whitehead | closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads |
| allograft | skin graft using donor skin from one person to another; homograft |
| autograft | Skin graft using skin from one's own body |
| biopsy | excision of tissue for microscopic examination |
| cauterize | to apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding |
| cryosurgery | surgery that removes tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen |
| curettage | removal of tissue from an area, such as a wound, by scraping |
| debridement | removal of dead tissue from awound |
| dermabrasion | removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers |
| electrodesiccation | drying with electrical current |
| fulguration | destruction of tissue using electric sparks |
| heterograft | skin graft using donor skin from one species to another; xenograft |
| homograft | skin graft using donor skin from on person to another; allograft |
| Mohs' surgery | removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found |
| plastic surgery | repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery |
| skin graft | placement of fresh skin over a damaged area |
| xenograft | skin graft using donor skin from one species to another; heterograft |
| alpha-hydroxy acid | agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin's appearance |
| anesthetic | agent that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations |
| antibacterial | agent that kills or slows the growth of bacteria |
| antibiotic | agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms |
| antifungal | agent that kills or slows the growth of fungi |
| antihistamine | agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body |
| anti-inflammatory | agent that relieves the symptoms of inflammation |
| antipruritic | agent that controls itching |
| antiseptic | agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms |
| astringent | agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of the skin |
| chemotheraphy | treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells |
| corticosteroid | agent with anti-inflammatory properties |
| emollient | agent that smooths or softens skin |
| keratolytic | agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns |
| parasiticide | agent that kills or slows the growth of parasites |
| radiation therapy | treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells |
| topical anesthetic | anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin |
| ultraviolet light | artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions |
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