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Intergumentary Syst
Integumentary System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The integumentary system is made up of? | 1. Skin. 2. Hair. 3. Nails. 4. Sebaceous glands (sebum-oil). 5. Cerumenous glands (cerumen earwax). 6. Sudoriferous glands (sweat). |
The skin is? | 1. Flexible 2. waterproof 3. Protects the body from ultraviolet (UV)light. 4. Protects the body from many chemicals and microbes. 5. Regulates temperature (evaporation. |
The outermost layer of skin is called the? | epidermis. |
The epidermis is composed of? | epithelial cells. |
Epithelial cells reproduce by? | mitosis |
Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly? | necrose. |
Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly necrose this process is called? | keratinization. |
These keratinized cells are constantly being? | sloughed |
Skin sloughing helps rid the body of? | pathogens. |
The second layer of the skin is called the? | dermis AKA corium |
The dermis (corium)consists of? | connective tissue (collagenous + elastin fibers). |
The function of collagen is to? | bind skin cells together. |
Embedded in the dermis (corium) are? | 1. blood vessels. 2. nerves. 3. lymph vessels 4. hair follicles 5. sebaceous glands (sebum). 6. sudoriferous glands |
The next layer of the skin is called the? | subcutaneous (subQ or subcu)AKA hypodermis. |
The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) consists mainly of? | adipose tissue (fat). |
The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) attaches the? | dermis (corium) to the underlying muscles. |
The fibrous connective tissue of the body is called? | fascia. |
When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a? | callus (calluses). |
Skin pigmentation (color) is genetically determined by the amount of? | melanin produced. |
A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production is called? | albinism. |
A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called? | cyanosis (cyanotic). |
Excessive hemolysis of erythrocytes or hyperbilirubinemia causes a yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin and/or sclera called? | xanthoderma or jaundice or icterus (kernicterus). |
Hair is a characteristic of all? | mammals. |
Oh humans, hair can be found on the entire body EXCEPT for the? | 1. Palms. 2. Soles 3. Glans penis. |
The average human produces? | 7 miles of hair/year |
Hair is composed of the? | 1. The shaft. 2. Root. 3. Follicle. |
The shaft is the? | visible portion of the hair. |
The root is found in the? | epidermal tube. |
The follicle is where? | mitosis occurs. |
Attached to each hair follicle is the arrector pili muscle which causes the hair to? | "stand on end" causing a "goose flesh" appearance when we get scared or cold. |
Genetics will control? | 1. Hair color. 2. Hair texture. 3. Hair loss (alopecia). |
The visible part of a nail is called a? | nail body. |
The part of a nail that grows is called a? | nail bed. |
The base of a nail is covered by tissue called a? | cuticle AKA eponychium. |
onychocryptosis is? | an abnormal condition of an ingrown (hidden) nail. |
onychomycosis is? | an abnormal condition of a nail(s) caused by fungus. |
paronychia is? | a condition of nail disease. |
cicatrix (cicatrices)? | scar (s) |
ulcer? | an erosion of the skin or mucous membrane. |
Decubitus ulcer is AKA | bedsore or pressure sore (ulcer). |
Decubitus ulcers commonly occur on bony prominences (pressure points) such as? | 1. Coccyx (tailbone). 2. Calcanei (heel bones). 3. Olecranons (Holy Crayon) (elbows) 4. Scapulae (shoulder bone) 5. Occipital bone (back and base of the cranium {skull}). 6. Pelvis (ilia and ischia). |
Ecchymosis (ecchymotic) is a black + blue mark caused by bleeding under the skin AKA? | hematoma or contusion or bruise. |
Edema (edematous) means? | tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid. |
Pitting edema is? | fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation. |
What is a keloid? | an exaggerated or hypertrophied scar |
Keloids are associated with? | surgery and 3rd degree burns. |
eschar (otic) means? | necrotic tissue caused by a burn. |
macule (macular) means? | flat usually erythmatous (red) lesion. |
What is a papule (papular)? | solid skin elevation (raised) <1cm. |
What is a nevus (nevi)? | mole(s) or birthmark(s) |
What is a nodule (nodular)? | large papule >1cm. |
What is a petechia(e)? | pinpoint skin hemorrhage(s) |
What does purpura (happy cat) mean? | a combination of ecchymosis and petechiae. |
What does pustule (pustular) | a papule filled with pus. |
What does abscess (abscesses) mean? | a collection of pus. |
What does verruca(e) mean? | wart(s) |
What does pallor mean? | paleness. |
What does vesicle mean? | a fluid filled epidermal elevation AKA blister or bulla (>1cm) or bleb (<1cm). |
What is an abrasion? | mechanical superficial damage to the skin AKA "scrape" |
What does excoriation mean? | Chemical superficial damage to the skin such as "diaper rash". |
What does cellulitis mean? | inflammation of the skin cells. |
What does urticaria mean? | urticaria |
hives are AKA? | wheals. |
Urticaria is an indication of an? | allergic reaction. |
What is a cyst? | a thickening or lump. |
what is a furuncle? | a bacterial infection infection of a hair follicle AKA a boil, carbuncle (car load), cluster of furuncles |
Gangrene (gangrenous) means? | putrefaction (rot) caused by tissue necrosis and bacterial proliferation. |
What does laceration mean? | tissue that is cut, torn, or ripped. |
What is an avulsion mean? | tearing any part of the body away from the whole. |
What does xeroderma mean? | dry skin |
What does ichthyosis means? | dry scaly skin. |
What does crustation(s) mean? | scab(s). |
What does vitiligo (Michael Jackson) mean? | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches. |