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WaysOfTheWorld 10 vo
AP World History, textbook;'Ways of the World' chapter 10 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aristotle and classical Greek learning | Some works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322) had always been known in Western Europe, but beginning in the eleventh century, medieval thought was increasingly shaped by a great recovery of Aristotle's works and shaped intellectual development. |
| Byzantine Empire | Term used by modern historians to refer to the surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after the ancient Greek city Byzantium, on the site of which the Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capitol, Constantinople, in 330 c.e |
| caeseropapism | A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head or the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire. |
| Charlemagne | Ruler of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. |
| Christianity, Eastern Orthodox | Developed in eastern Roman Empire and gradually seperated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch dominant in Western Europe; had a married clergy, used leavened bread in the Eucharist, insistant on church councils as the ultimate authority. |
| Christianity, Roman Catholic | Western European branch that had a major break from Eastern Orthodoxy in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed; the Pope is the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine |
| Constantinople | New capitol for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, estalished by Emperor Constantine in 330 C.E. on the site of the ancient Greek city Byzantium; Constantinople's highly defensible and highly economically important site helped assure importance. |
| Crusades | Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross" used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christiandom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond; Crusades could only be declared by the Pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow. |
| European cities | Western Europe saw a major process of urbanization beginning in the eleventh century, with towns that created major trade networks and that were notable for the high degree of independance they often enjoyed. |
| Holy Roman Empire | Term invented in the twelfth century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 C.E. |
| iconoclasm | The destruction of holy images; a term most often used to decribe the Byzantine state policy of image destruction from 726 to 843. |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor (r. 527-565 C.E.), noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law. |
| Kievan Rus | State that emerged around the city of Kiev in the ninth century C.E.; a culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples. The conversion of Vladimir, the grand prince of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity took place in 988. |
| system of competing states | The distinctive organization of Western European political life that developed after rhe fall of the western Roman Empire in the fifth century C.E. in which the existence of many small, independant states encouraged military and economic competition. |
| Vladimir, prince of Kiev | Grand prince of Kiev (r. 978-1015 C.E.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. |
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