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History_4
India, Germanics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| North vs. South India: North | turbulent politics, chaotic, lots of wars, invaders from north,Islam |
| North vs. South India: South | politically divided, not many wars, loosely administrated states, Hinduism |
| Harsha | temporary centralizer, north India, liberal, scholarly, conqueror, Buddhist, empire fell apart after his assassination |
| Islamic Merchants | had been trading thru Indian Ocean long before Islam, lived in coastal cities, married locals, integrated into society, brought Islam |
| Turkish Migrants | converted to Islam after trading with Muslims, set up Muslim state in Afghanistan |
| Mahmud of Ghazni | leader of Turks in Afghanistan, raided north India, destroyed Buddhist+Hindu sites, successors conquered North India |
| Sultanate of Delhi | Islamic India, successors of Mahmud of Ghazni set it up, capital: Delhi, very weak rule |
| Chola | kingdom in deep South India, dominated coast and ocean, not centralized, fell slowly due to rebellion |
| Monsoons | irrigation essential, spring&summer: warm wet winds, fall&winter: cool+dry winds |
| Hindu Temples | economic+social centers, South India, [organized agriculture, work, irrigation, food, education, banks], owned large amounts of land, employed workers |
| Emporia | centers of trade, warehouses for goods, wealthy due to trade |
| Axum | kingdom in Ethiopia, emporia, Christian state surrounded by Muslims, prospered due to trade |
| Caste System | maintained order in chaos, gave individuals roles, subcastes (jati) workers guilds, became more complex+expanded over time |
| Hinduism | South India, Turnkish invaders destroyed Buddhist temples, fed off Buddhism decline, cults for honoring Shiva + Vishnu, promised salvation, Vishnu: preserver of world, Shiva: fertility |
| Spread of Islam | Muslim merchants, conquerors made it seem bad, converted for power + escape from castes |
| Sufis | most effective Islam spread, allowed Hindu blend with Islam |
| Bhakti Movement | cult of love+ devotion, wanted to combine Islam w/ Hinduism, originated in South, taught that Vishnu+Shiva+Allah all one |
| Angkor/Khmer | productive agriculture economy, land based, model Hindu city, lower Malaysia, Angkor Wat |
| Melaka | Islamic State in SE Asia, Melaka straight, trade center, patrolled sea |
| Germanic Tribes/Kingdoms | invaded/took over west Rome, declined without resources, tribes established kingdoms, heavily influenced by Rome, Franks Visigoths Lombards Angles Saxons |
| Franks | imperial+organized, French German area, focused on agriculture not trade, oversaw development of decentralized political institutions, close with Roman Christian church |
| Clovis | 1st strong Frank leader, campaigned against neighbor tribes, wiped out West Rome, made Franks Roman Christian, made Franks a big deal |
| Corolingians | founder Charles Martel, dynasty ran Franks for a long time |
| Charles Martel | Battle of Tours, served as deputy of last of Clovis, soon took thrown grandson Charlemagne |
| Charlemagne | high point of Franks, took over most of West Europe, traveled all over keeping control, bad tax system, had counts who controlled parts of empire, diplomatic w/ Byzantine +Abbasid,centralized, ended thru internal struggle and external invaders, |
| Battle of Tours | Muslims invade Franks from Spain, fought off by Charles Martel |
| Pope Leo 3 | crowned Charlemagne emperor |
| Norse/Viking Expansion | too much population so they expanded, great ships + sea skills, from Norway Denmark Sweden, explored till Maine, first to discover Americas, unpredictable, ships could go on rivers and ocean, raided all of Europe |
| Feudalism | order of medieval Europe, basted on hierarchy of lords+vassals, economic social political etc. |
| Lords | nobles owned lands+controlled them, independent but connected to King, private armies |
| Retainers (Vassals) | granted land by Lords in return for loyalty and military, organized community, could have their own retainers, sometimes revolted |
| Fief | land given to Retainers by Lords in exchange for loyalty and military service |
| Serfs | semi free, owed obligations to lords, had to farm for them + pay with food and clothes, could not leave, free peasants and slaves intermarried creating serfs |
| Manor | large estate with fields farms forests animals serfs, lord of manor had full political and military control, independent with markets and village |
| Rural Society | society of medieval Europe, farming communities provided their own resources |
| Pope Gregory 1 | provided Church w/ sense of direction, organized defense of Rome from Germanic invaders, reasserted papal primacy,monk, won many converts |
| St. Benedict | wrote The Rule, strengthened monastic movement with strength and purpose |
| The Rule | set of rules +regulations for monastic community Monte Cassino, poverty celibacy obedience chastity, abbots controlled, must pay meditate work, Monastaries provided social services like labor hotel hospital school, organized country life+Christian values |
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unknownstudent
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