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October 28, 2011
Nutrition Chapters 6 (Enery Balance)and 9 (Water balance)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kilocalorie | Large calorie unit used in nutrition science to avoid dealing with such large numbers (1000 calories= kilocalorie) |
| Metabolism | The sum of the body processes involveding food into various forms of energy. |
| Describe the difference between voluntary body work and involuntary body work. Give examples | voluntary-all activities related to a persons usual activities as well as aditional physical activites (running) Involuntary-all activities in the body not consciosly performed (breathing) |
| What are 3 energy yielding nutrients? | Carbohydrates,Fats,Proteins |
| Describe the difference between nurtient density and calorie density. | Nutrient density is dealing with the amount of vitamins and minerals countaines in the food where calorie density is dealing with the amount of fat in the food |
| Describe the body's 3 sources of stored energy | Glycogen, Adipose Tissue, Muscle Mass |
| what are 3 demands for energy that determin the body's total energy requirements? Describe them | Resting energy expenditure, Physical energy, and Themic effect of food. |
| What is a thyroid function test? | measures the activities of the throid, serum thyroxin levels and serum protein bond iodine and radioactive iodine uptake |
| What are the 4 factors that influence the Basal Metobolic Rate or BMR? | Lean body mass, Growth periods,Body temperature, Hormonal status |
| During times of illness, a fever causes the metabolic rate or BMR to increase or decrease? | Increase |
| To maintain daily energy balance, food-energy _________, must match body-energy _________. | Intake;Output |
| When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure________________________results | Positive energy balance |
| A ___________hour reserve of glycogen is stored in the _________as is quickly depleated if not replenished | 12-48;liver |
| Basal metabolic rate is controlled by what gland ans what hormone? | Thyroid Gland; ????? |
| What soes the "thermic effect of food" mean? | Is the food stimuates metabolism and requires extra energy for digestion, absorbtion,and transportation of nutrience to the cells, the overall stimulating effect is the thermic effect of food. |
| The sum of the resting energy expenditure, plus the energy expanded in physical activity and the thermic effect of food is known as the body's _____________ | energy's requirement |
| the most abundant compound in the body is? | Water |
| Water performs several essential functions in the body. List and describe them. | Solvent-provides the basic liquid solvent for all chemical reactions within the body.Transport-water circulates thoughout the body in the form of blood and various other secretions and tissue fluids.Thermoregulation-water is necessary to maintain a stabl |
| List and describe the 2 compartments in the body that store water? | Intracellular-the total water inside cell 40% to 45% total body weight.66% total body water extracellular-total body water outside the cell 20% of body weight. 34% of total body water |
| The body's state of dynamic balance is ________________ | homeostasis |
| Plasma and tissue secretions surrounding cells make up what fluid compartment? | Interstatial Fluid |
| Most of our body fluids are found INSIDE or OUSIDE the cells? why? | Inside |
| Name 3 ways that water is avalible to the body | 1. Water that is consumed 2. Water in foods that are eaten 3. Metabolism |
| there are 4 routes water normally leaves the body. List and describe them | 1. Kidneys-peeing out waste 2. Skin-sweating with physical activites 3. Lungs-exhale releases water 4. Feces- feces is 70% water |
| There are 2 major electrolytes that work to maintain water balance between the intacellular and extracellular fluid compartments. What are they? What is their function? | Sodim, Potassium |
| The major Electrolyte OUSIDE cells are? | Sodium |
| The major Electrolyte INSIDE the cells is` | Potassium |
| 2 hormones that control operations in the kidneys to help maintain water balance are _______________- and _____________________ | Antiduretic Hormone Mechanism and Aldosterone Hormone Mechanism |
| The hormone that is responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is? | Aldosterone Hormone |
| The hormone that conserves body water is | Antidiuretic Hormone |
| the 2 minerals that occcur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance are: | Electrolytes and Plasma Proteins |
| 2 primary plasma proteins are _________________and _________________. they stay in the blood vessels to matain the fluid in them and regulate circulating blood volume | Albumin and Globulin |
| What 2 organ stsyems in addition to blood cirulation control overall water balance in the body? | Gastrontestinal circulation anf renal circulation |
| Describe 2 disorders of water balance | Dehyrdration- fluid loss that exceeds fluid intake (negative water balance) Edema- too much water makes tissue swell and isnt able to get back into blood vessels (swollen ankles, feet, and legs) |
| List the ways in which water and solutes move across membranes | Filtration- water is forced through membrane pores when pressure outside membrane is different Active transport- necessary to carry particles up stream across membranes (required energy, ATP) Osmosis- Hypotonic to Hypertonic |
| Osmosis | a passage of a solvent, such as water, through a membrane that seperates solutions of different concentrations, tending to equalize the consentration pressures of the solutions on either side of the membrane |
| Diffusion | is the force by which particles move outward in all directions from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| Filtration | water is forced or filtered through the pores of membranes when the pressure outside the membrane is different |
| Active Transport | is necessary to carry particles up stream across seperating membranes. Even when the pressures are against their flow |
| Homeostasis | the body's state of dynamic balance |
| Pinocytosis | larger molecules attach themselves to the thicker cell membrane and are engulfed by the cell |
| Interstitial Fluid | plasma and tissue secretions sorounding cells make the fluid compartment |
| Intracellular Fluid | the total body water inside the cell |
| Extracellular Fluid | the total body water out side the cell |
| Plasma Proteins | Mainly in the form of Albumin and Globulin, are organic compounds of large molecular size. they do not move freely across membranes |
Created by:
bjbert
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