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Indep./Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Declaration of Independence | a statement adopted on July 4, 1776 that announced that the thirteen American colonies were made independent states and were no longer a part of the British Empire. It gave the people the rights to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. |
| Stamp Act | The 1765 act required the American colonists to apply tax stamps to all official documents, including deeds, mortgages, newspapers, and pamphlets. |
| "No Taxation Without Representation" | a slogan that summarized a key complaint of the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, that was one of the major causes of the American Revolution. |
| The Boston Tea Party | action by colonists. On December 16, 1773, after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor. |
| The Articles of Confederation | a 1781 agreement among the 13 founding states that legally established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution. |
| The Constitution | is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state or other organization is governed. |
| The Bill of Rights | list of the most essential rights of the citizens made to protect the rights of the people. Main purposes were 1.the people had rights that the government cannot mess with. 2. provides the basis for securing the rights. 3. helps protect democratic gov. |
| The French Revolution | between 1789–1799. Also known as the 'Great French Revolution. It was a period of radical social and political disturbance in French and European history that saw a series of major changes in power and political system as well as Revolutionary Wars. |
| The Old Regime | the French political and social system before 1789. Society in was divided into 3 classes called Estates. The 1 Estate was made up of all of the clergy members. The 2 Estate was made up of nobility. The 3 Estate, which was the largest, made up of peasants |
| bourgeoisie | known as the middle class. It was believed, overthrew the Old Regime because that regime had given power and privilege to other classes—the nobility and the clergy—who prevented them from advancing socially and politically |
| The Estates General | in 1789, It was a general assembly consisting of representatives from all but the poorest part of the French citizenry. The independence from the Crown which it displayed paved the way for the French Revolution. |
| The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | a essential document of the French Revolution is explaining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. It was influenced by the doctrine of natural right, the rights of man are universal. |
| Louis XVI | was born on Agust 23 1754 and died on January 21 1793 was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. |
| Marie Antoinette | was born on November 2 1755 &died October 16 1793, was an Archduchess of Austria & the Queen of France &of Navarre. She was the 15th &penultimate child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa &Holy Roman Emperor Francis I.Married to Louis XVI |
| Estates- General of 1789 | was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the nobility, the Church, and the common people. |
| Tennis Court Oath | was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. |
| Fall of the Bastille | 14 July 1789. The medieval fortress &prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. While the prison only contained 7 inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. |
| National Assembly | existed from June 17 to July 9, 1789, was a transitional body between the Estates-General and the National Constituent Assembly. |
| Maximillien Robespierre | is one of the best-known &most influential figures of the French Revolution. He largely dominated the Committee of Public Safety &was instrumental in the period of the Revolution called Reign of Terror, which ended with his arrest and execution in 1794. |
| George Jacques Danton | a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution. 1st President of the Committee of Public Safety. described as "the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy &the establishment of the 1st French Republic". |
| Battle of Valmy | was the first major victory by the army of France during the French Revolution. The action took place on 20 September 1792 as Prussian troops commanded by the Duke of Brunswick attempte to march on Paris. |
| Guillotine | a device used for doing executions by decapitation. It is a tall upright frame with an angled blade suspending from it. The blade is help up by a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body. |
| The Reign of Terror | It was a period of violence that occurred after the start of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, &marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution." |
| Jean Paul Marat | was a Swiss-born physician, political theorist, known for his career in France as a radical journalist &politician during the French Revolution. His journalism was renowned for its fiery character &uncompromising stance toward "enemies of the revolution" |
| Committee of Public Safety | April 1793 by the National Convention, formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror.Succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence &assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks |