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ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 10 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aneurysm | Localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery. |
| Atherosclerosis | A form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the wall of larger arteries. |
| Bruit | An abnormal sound or murmur heard when listening to a carotoid artery, organ, or gland with a stethoscope; for example, during auscultation. |
| Claudication | Cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs; |
| Coronary Artery | One of a pair of arteries that branch from the aorta. The coronary arteries and their branches supply blood & oxygen to the heart muscles. |
| Cusp | Any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart. |
| Dependent Edema | Fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart. |
| Diastole | period of relaxation of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase known as the systole. |
| Dysrhymthmia | abnormal rhythm. |
| Edema | localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissue, causing the area to swell. |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. |
| Hypertension | Elevated blood pressue persistently higher than 135/86 mmHg; high blood pressure; |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Infarction | localized area of necrosis (death) in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen due to interuppted blood flow to the area. |
| Mediastinum | Area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, & bronchi. |
| Murmur | low-pitched humming or fluttering sound, as in a "heart murmur" heard on auscultation. |
| Myocardium | the middle muscular layer of the heart. |
| Occlusion | closure, or state of being closed. |
| Pacemaker | the SA node of the heart located in the right artium. it's responsible for initiating the heartbeat, influencing the rate & rhythm of the heart beat. |
| Palpitation | Rapid, violent, or throbbing pulsation, as an abnormally rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart. |
| Pericardium | double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels. |
| Pitting Edema | swelling. |
| Pulmonary Artery | one of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lung for oxygenation. Only arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood. |
| Pulmonary Circulation | circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium of the heart; that is, from the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart. |
| Pulmonary Vein | one of 4 large veins that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart. Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood. |
| SA Node | sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart; |
| Septum | a wall, or partition, that divides or separates 2 cavities. |
| Systemic Circulation | the circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart, throughout the body, & back to the right atrium of the heart. |
| Systole | the contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries. |
| Vasoconstriction | narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel. |
| Vegetation | abnormal growth of tissue around a valve. |
| Anorexia | Loss of appetite. |
| Anxiety | feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future. |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate characterized by a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute. |
| Chest Pain | feeling of discomfort in the chest area. |
| Cyanosis | slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| Dyspnea | air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. |
| Fatigue | feeling of tiredness of weariness resulting from continued activity or as a side effect from some psychotropic drug; |
| Fever | Elevation of temperature above the normal. |
| Headache | diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distrubution area. |
| Nausea | unpleasant sensation, usually preceding vomiting. |
| Pallor | lack of color; paleness. |
| Sweat | perspiration; the liquid secreted by the sweat glands, having a salty taste |
| Tachycardia | abnormal rapidity of heart action, usually defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minute. |
| Vomiting | ejection through the mouth of the gastric content. |
| Weakness | lacking physical strenth or vigor (energy). |
| Angina Pectoris | severe pain & constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder & down the left arm- creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest. |
| Cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle itself, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart. |
| Congestive Heart Failure | condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort. |
| Coronary Artery Disease | narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented. |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the membrane lining of the valves & chambers of the heart caused by direct invasion of bacteria or other organisms and leading to deformity of the valve cusps. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse | drooping of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular systole. |
| Myocardial Infarction | heart attack. |
| Myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium |
| Pericarditis | imflammation of the pericardium (the saclike membrane that covers the heart muscle). it may be acute or chronic. |
| Rheumatic Fever | inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiency treated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract. |
| Raynaud's Phenomenon | intermittent attacks of vasoconstriction of the arterioles (causing swelling of the fingers or toes) |
| Thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a clot; usually occurs in the leg. |
| Varicose Veins | Enlarged, superficial veins; a twisted, dilated vein with incompetent valves. |
| Venous Insufficiency | abnormal circulatory condition characterized by decreased return of venous blood from the legs to the trunk of the body. |
| Atrial Flutter | condition in which the contractions of the atria become extremely rapid, at the rate of between 250 & 350 beats per minute. |
| Atrial/Ventricular Fibrillation | extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in disorganized & uncoordinated twitching of the atria. |
| Angiography | x-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the heart & blood vessels after introducing a (contract medium) that makes them visible of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to see on an X-ray film |
| Cardiac Catheterization | diagnostic procedure where a catheter is introduced into a large vein or artery adn then threaded through the circulatory system to the heart. Used to obtain detailed information about the structure & function of the heart chambers, valves & great vessels |
| Cardiac Enzymes Test | performed on samples of blood obtained by venipuncture to determine the presence of damage to the myocardial muscle. |
| Electrocardiogram | graphic record of the electrical action of the heart as reflected from the various angles to the surface of the skin; known as EKG or ECG. |
| Event Monitor | similiar the Holter monitor in that it also records the electrical activity of the heart while the patient goes about usual daily activities. |
| Echocardiography | diagnostic procedure for studying the structure & motion of the heart. |
| Exercise Stress Testing | means of assessing cardiac function, by subjecting the patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress. |
| Holter Monitoring | small, portable monitoring device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder. |
| Defibrillator | NEED TO LOOKUP |
| Thallium Stress Test | one of several nuclear stress tests, is a combination of exercise stress testing with thallium imaging to assess changes in coronary blood flow during exercise. |
Created by:
kmariemurray
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