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origin muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| trapezius (origin,insertion, action) | origin: Starts at base of skull. Ends at last thoracic vertebra. insertion:Scapula and clavicle elevation. action:Elevates and lowers pectoral girdle. Also moves scapula towards the spine. |
| latissimus dorsi (insertion, action) | insertion:humerus action: Brings shoulders and arms back to body |
| pectorals major (origin, insertion, action) | origin: sternum insertion: humerus action: moves humerus to chest |
| serratus anterior (action) | action: protracts and stabilizes scapula laterally and forward chest wall,prime mover in all forward reaching and pushing action, assists in upward rotation. |
| deltoid (origin, insertion, action) | origin: Clavicle, deltoid tuberosity, acromion and scapula insertion:Deltoid tuberosity (humerus) action:Raises and rotates arm in all directions. |
| biceps brachii (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin:short head: scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis action:flexes elbow and supinates forearm antagonistic: triceps brachii |
| triceps brachii (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin:long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus medial head: posterior humerus insertion:olecranon process of ulna action:extends forearm, long head adducts shoulder antagonistic: biceps brachii |
| erector spinae (action, antagonistic) | action:extends the vertebral column antagonistic: rectus abdominus |
| gluteus maximus (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament insertion: femur, iliotibial tract action: external rotation & extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee, antigravity muscle in sitting antagonisti Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas min |
| sartorius (origin, action, insertion) | origin:inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine insertion:anteromedial surface of the upper tibia action: Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee |
| quadriceps femoris (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin: combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles Insertion:tibial tuberosity Actions:Knee extension; Hip flexion antagonistic: hamstrings |
| rectus femoris (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge, iliac portion of the acetabulum Insertion:inserts into the patellar tendon as one of the four quadriceps muscles Actions:knee extension; hip flexion Antagonist:Hamstring |
| vastus lateralis (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin:Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur Insertion:patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia Actions:Extends leg and stabilizes knee Antagonist :Hamstring |
| vastus medialis (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin femur Insertion :patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia Actions extends leg: keeps patella in grove |
| vastus intermedius (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | Origin: anterior & lateral surface of femoral shaft Insertion:patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia Actions extends knee |
| gracilis (action, antagonistic) | action: flexes, medially rotates tibia at knee |
| tensor fasciae latae (action, antagonistic) | action: extends knee, laterally rotates tibia, abduction and medial rotation of femur, steadies pelvis |
| bicep femoris (action, insertion, origin, antagonistic) | Origin:long head ischial tuberosity short head line aspera & supercondylar of femur Insertion:head femur Actions:flexes knee, extends hip, elevates trunk, rotates tibia on femur, counteracts forward bending of hips Antagonist:Quadriceps muscle |
| semitendinosus (action, antagonistic) | action - flex knee, medially rotates tibia on femur, counteracts forward bending of hips antagonistic - quadricep muscle |
| gastrocenemius (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: condyles,capsule of knee joint, lateral supercondyle of femur insertion: calcaneus action:plantar flex, flex knee, antagonistic:tibialis anterior muscle |
| soleus (action, antagonistic) | action:plantar flex, steady leg on ankle while standing antagonist: tibialis anterior |
| tibialis anterior (action, antagonistic) | action: dorsiflexes & inverts foot, resist backward tipping anatgonistFibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior |
| diaphragm (action, synergistic) | action:inspiration(2/3 air intake)contracts for sneezing, coughing, etc, compresses abdominal viscera in childbirth & expeulsion of feces/urine synergestic: transverse, rectus, external oblique and internal oblique, intercostals |
| external intercostal (action, antagonistic) | action: elevate/protract ribs 2-12, expands thoracic cavity, creates vacuum, antagonistic intercostales interni muscles |
| internal intercostal (action, antagonistic) | action: elevates ribs, expands thoracic cavity for inspiration, expiration depresses/retracts ribs compresses thoracic cavity, (only in forceful breathing, not relaxed) Antagonistic - external intercostals |
| massester (origin, insertion, action antagonisic) | origin: zygomatic arch insertion: lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle action elevation of mandible, small roles in protraction/retraction/lateral and medial excursion antagonistic:platysma muscle |
| digastric (origin, insertion, action synergestic) | origin: mastoid notch of temporal bone, digastric fossa ofo mandible insertion:hyoid bone action:depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed, opens mouth widely, elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed synergistic mytohyoid |
| orbicularis oculi (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: lacrimal bone, adj regions of frontal and maxilla, medial angle of eyelid insertion: upper and lower eyelids, skin around margin of orbit action: sphincter of eyelids Antagonist: levator palpebrae superioris |
| obicularis oris (origin, insertion, action, synergistic) | origin: modiolus of mouth insertion: submucosa and dermis of lip action: encircles mouth, closes lips, protrudes lips, speech synergistic: zygomaticus |
| zygomaticus major (origin, insertion, action, synergestic) | origin:zygomatic bone insertion:superolateral angle of mouth action:draws angle of mouth upward and laterally in laughing synergistic: temporalis |
| platysma (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: fascia of deltoid, pectorals major insertion: mandible, skin & tissue of lower face action: draws lower lip angle of mouth, downward expression |
| sternocleidomastoid (origin, insertion, action, syngerstic) | origin: manubrium of sternum, medial 1/3 clavicle insertion:mastoid process/lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line action: tilts head upward and to opposite side, rotates head left or right, draws head straight forward and down syngeristic: trapezius |
| external oblique (action) | supports abdominal viscera against pull of gravity, stabilizes vertebral column during lifting, maintains posture, compresses organs, expulsion of urine, fecal, childbirth |
| rectus abdominis (origin, insertion, action) | origin: pubic sympysis insertion:xiphoid process, costal cartilage 5-7 action:flexes lumbar region of vertebral column, forwarding bending |
| Elevates Jaw? Depresses jaw? | masseter closes jaw, playsma opens jaw |
| flexes vertebral column? | rectus abdominus |
| adducts the humerus? | latissmus dorsi, pectoralis major |
| antagonistic to latssmus dorsi & pectoralis major | deltoid |
| which two muscles used for plantar flex of foot | gastrocnemius, soleus |
| which muscle is used for dorsiflexion | tibialis anterior muscle |
| which muscle adducts the thigh | gracilis |
| which two muscles act syngeristically in inhalation? | diaphragm and external intercostal muscles |
| which muscle is antagonistic in inhalation? | internal intercostal muscles and rectus abdominus |
| adducts, rotates and hyperextends the arm? | latissmus dorsi |
| elevates depresses and adducts the scapula extends head | trapezius |
| aids in lateral rotation of the body | external obliques |
| 3 muscles that extend the thigh (hip) | bicep femoris semitendinosus gluteus maximus |
| 2 muscles that flex the thigh | rectus femoris, sartorius |
| 4 muscles extend leg at knee | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
| antagonist to the muscles rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus, intermedias, vastus lateralis | biceps femoris, semitendonosis, sartorius |
| flexes the forearm | bicep brachii |
| antagonist for bicep brachii | tricep brachii |
| which muscle flexes the head | sternocleodmastoid |
| which muscle is used for reaching and pushing | serratus anterior |
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