origin muscles
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| trapezius (origin,insertion, action) | origin: Starts at base of skull. Ends at last thoracic vertebra.
insertion:Scapula and clavicle elevation.
action:Elevates and lowers pectoral girdle. Also moves scapula towards the spine.
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| latissimus dorsi (insertion, action) | insertion:humerus
action: Brings shoulders and arms back to body
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| pectorals major (origin, insertion, action) | origin: sternum
insertion: humerus
action: moves humerus to chest
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| serratus anterior (action) | action: protracts and stabilizes scapula laterally and forward chest wall,prime mover in all forward reaching and pushing action, assists in upward rotation.
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| deltoid (origin, insertion, action) | origin: Clavicle, deltoid tuberosity, acromion and scapula
insertion:Deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
action:Raises and rotates arm in all directions.
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| biceps brachii (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin:short head: scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis
action:flexes elbow and supinates forearm
antagonistic: triceps brachii
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| triceps brachii (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin:long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus
medial head: posterior humerus
insertion:olecranon process of ulna
action:extends forearm, long head adducts shoulder
antagonistic: biceps brachii
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| erector spinae (action, antagonistic) | action:extends the vertebral column
antagonistic: rectus abdominus
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| gluteus maximus (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: femur, iliotibial tract
action: external rotation & extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee, antigravity muscle in sitting
antagonisti Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas min
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| sartorius (origin, action, insertion) | origin:inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine
insertion:anteromedial surface of the upper tibia
action: Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee
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| quadriceps femoris (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin: combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles
Insertion:tibial tuberosity
Actions:Knee extension; Hip flexion
antagonistic: hamstrings
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| rectus femoris (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge, iliac portion of the acetabulum
Insertion:inserts into the patellar tendon as one of the four quadriceps muscles
Actions:knee extension; hip flexion
Antagonist:Hamstring
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| vastus lateralis (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin:Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur
Insertion:patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia
Actions:Extends leg and stabilizes knee
Antagonist :Hamstring
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| vastus medialis (origin, action, insertion, antagonistic) | Origin femur
Insertion :patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia
Actions extends leg: keeps patella in grove
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| vastus intermedius (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | Origin: anterior & lateral surface of femoral shaft
Insertion:patella,tibial tuberosity, lateral &medial condolyes of tibia
Actions extends knee
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| gracilis (action, antagonistic) | action: flexes, medially rotates tibia at knee
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| tensor fasciae latae (action, antagonistic) | action: extends knee, laterally rotates tibia, abduction and medial rotation of femur, steadies pelvis
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| bicep femoris (action, insertion, origin, antagonistic) | Origin:long head ischial tuberosity short head line aspera & supercondylar of femur
Insertion:head femur
Actions:flexes knee, extends hip, elevates trunk, rotates tibia on femur, counteracts forward bending of hips
Antagonist:Quadriceps muscle
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| semitendinosus (action, antagonistic) | action - flex knee, medially rotates tibia on femur, counteracts forward bending of hips
antagonistic - quadricep muscle
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| gastrocenemius (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: condyles,capsule of knee joint, lateral supercondyle of femur
insertion: calcaneus
action:plantar flex, flex knee,
antagonistic:tibialis anterior muscle
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| soleus (action, antagonistic) | action:plantar flex, steady leg on ankle while standing
antagonist: tibialis anterior
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| tibialis anterior (action, antagonistic) | action: dorsiflexes & inverts foot, resist backward tipping
anatgonistFibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior
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| diaphragm (action, synergistic) | action:inspiration(2/3 air intake)contracts for sneezing, coughing, etc, compresses abdominal viscera in childbirth & expeulsion of feces/urine
synergestic: transverse, rectus, external oblique and internal oblique, intercostals
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| external intercostal (action, antagonistic) | action: elevate/protract ribs 2-12, expands thoracic cavity, creates vacuum,
antagonistic intercostales interni muscles
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| internal intercostal (action, antagonistic) | action: elevates ribs, expands thoracic cavity for inspiration, expiration depresses/retracts ribs compresses thoracic cavity, (only in forceful breathing, not relaxed)
Antagonistic - external intercostals
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| massester (origin, insertion, action antagonisic) | origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle
action elevation of mandible, small roles in protraction/retraction/lateral and medial excursion
antagonistic:platysma muscle
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| digastric (origin, insertion, action synergestic) | origin: mastoid notch of temporal bone, digastric fossa ofo mandible
insertion:hyoid bone
action:depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed, opens mouth widely, elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed
synergistic mytohyoid
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| orbicularis oculi (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: lacrimal bone, adj regions of frontal and maxilla, medial angle of eyelid
insertion: upper and lower eyelids, skin around margin of orbit
action: sphincter of eyelids
Antagonist: levator palpebrae superioris
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| obicularis oris (origin, insertion, action, synergistic) | origin: modiolus of mouth
insertion: submucosa and dermis of lip
action: encircles mouth, closes lips, protrudes lips, speech
synergistic: zygomaticus
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| zygomaticus major (origin, insertion, action, synergestic) | origin:zygomatic bone
insertion:superolateral angle of mouth
action:draws angle of mouth upward and laterally in laughing
synergistic: temporalis
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| platysma (origin, insertion, action, antagonistic) | origin: fascia of deltoid, pectorals major
insertion: mandible, skin & tissue of lower face
action: draws lower lip angle of mouth, downward expression
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| sternocleidomastoid (origin, insertion, action, syngerstic) | origin: manubrium of sternum, medial 1/3 clavicle
insertion:mastoid process/lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line
action: tilts head upward and to opposite side, rotates head left or right, draws head straight forward and down
syngeristic: trapezius
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| external oblique (action) | supports abdominal viscera against pull of gravity, stabilizes vertebral column during lifting, maintains posture, compresses organs, expulsion of urine, fecal, childbirth
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| rectus abdominis (origin, insertion, action) | origin: pubic sympysis
insertion:xiphoid process, costal cartilage 5-7
action:flexes lumbar region of vertebral column, forwarding bending
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| Elevates Jaw? Depresses jaw? | masseter closes jaw, playsma opens jaw
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| flexes vertebral column? | rectus abdominus
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| adducts the humerus? | latissmus dorsi, pectoralis major
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| antagonistic to latssmus dorsi & pectoralis major | deltoid
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| which two muscles used for plantar flex of foot | gastrocnemius, soleus
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| which muscle is used for dorsiflexion | tibialis anterior muscle
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| which muscle adducts the thigh | gracilis
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| which two muscles act syngeristically in inhalation? | diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
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| which muscle is antagonistic in inhalation? | internal intercostal muscles and rectus abdominus
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| adducts, rotates and hyperextends the arm? | latissmus dorsi
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| elevates depresses and adducts the scapula extends head | trapezius
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| aids in lateral rotation of the body | external obliques
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| 3 muscles that extend the thigh (hip) | bicep femoris
semitendinosus
gluteus maximus
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| 2 muscles that flex the thigh | rectus femoris, sartorius
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| 4 muscles extend leg at knee | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
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| antagonist to the muscles rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus, intermedias, vastus lateralis | biceps femoris, semitendonosis, sartorius
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| flexes the forearm | bicep brachii
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| antagonist for bicep brachii | tricep brachii
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| which muscle flexes the head | sternocleodmastoid
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| which muscle is used for reaching and pushing | serratus anterior
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