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Reif: French Rev.
Reif: French Revolution (Ch23)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Estates General | Legislative body of France; Composed of representatives from the three estates; Each Estate was entitled to one vote |
| First Estate | Made up of French clergy members; only comprised ~.5% of the population & did not have to pay taxes; Would team up with Second Estate in the Estates-General to out-vote the Third Estate |
| Second Estate | Made up of French noblemen; only comprised ~1.5% of the population & did not have to pay taxes; Would team up with First Estate in the Estates-General to out-vote the Third Estate |
| Third Estate | Made up of bourgeoisie & lower class Frenchmen; ~98% of the population & were the only ones to pay taxes; Was out-voted by First & Second Estate in the Estates-General; Group to start the French Revolution due to economic, social & political inequalities |
| National Assembly | First new government during the first stage of the French Revolution established by the Third Estate; Made the Tennis Court Oath |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Revolutionary document of the French Revolution. Written in 1789, it spelled out certain rights believed to be universal to all mankind. Patterned on the American Declaration of Independence. |
| Coup d’etat | The acting of overthrowing a government in favor of another, usually through violent means; Done by Napoleon |
| Napoleonic Code | Set up laws & regulation established during Napoleon’s reign; Limited many of the freedoms gained during the Revolution |
| Guillotine | New device used during the French Revolution, especially during the Reign of Terror, as a form of execution; 30,000+ people were executed in this way |
| Sans-culottes | “Those without knee-breeches;” Group of Radicals during the French Revolution |
| National Convention | Second government during the French Revolution; Deposed the king ending the monarchy & declaring France and republic; Tried Louis XVI for treason & executed him using the guillotine |
| Tennis Court Oath | After being locked out of their meeting the new National Assembly (3rd Estate) moved to a nearby tennis court & vowed to stay until a constitution was written |
| Storming of the Bastille | Following the establishment of the National Assembly & the Tennis Court Oath, people were fearful that Louis XVI would use military force; On July 14, 1789, mobs stormed the Bastille to get gunpowder & other weapons; Now a national holiday in France today |
| Reign of Terror | Period under the Committee of Public Safety & Robespierre in which people were hunted down suspected of being “enemies of the revolution;” 1000s were executed by the guillotine including Marie Antoinette & Georges Danton |
| Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia | Napoleon’s greatest mistake; Invaded Russia finding that the czar had used a scorched-earth policy all the way to Moscow; With the city in ruins, Napoleon turned back to France in winter; Lost over 400,000 men mostly due to temperatures & exposure |
| Maximilien Robespierre | Radical leader of the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror; Transformed France into a “Republic of Virtue” focusing on reason rather than ideas such as religion; Was eventually executed by the guillotine |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | (1769-1821) Emperor of the French; Conquered most of Europe making the largest empire since Rome; His rule along with the French Revolution ideals caused many revolutionary movements in the Americas |
| Louis XVI | (1754-1793) King of France between 1774 and 1792; Overthrown during the French Revolution due to political inabilities & extravagant spending; Was later beheaded |
| Marie Antoinette | Austrian who married Louis XVI of France; Known as “Madame Deficit” due to her outrageous spending during a time when France was on the verge of bankruptcy and revolution; Was beheaded during the Reign of Terror |
| Jacobins | Radical political organization during the French Revolution; Member included Robespierre, Danton & Marat; Pushed for wide-sweeping changes that led to the execution of the monarchs & 1000s of other during the Reign of Terror |
| Alexander I | Russian czar that used the scorched-earth policy to defeat Napoleon during his 1812 invasion |
| Klemens von Metternich | Foreign minister of Austria known for heavily influencing the Congress of Vienna |
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting of European political leaders to reestablish former territorial borders after the end of the Napoleonic Wars & the fall of Napoleon; Dominated by Prince Metternich of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. |
Created by:
SReif
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