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Elbow Wrist Hand O&I
Origins, Insertions, Actions Elbow/Wrist/Hand segment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bi-articular muscle | A muscle that crosses and has actions on two articulations |
| Uni-articular muscle | A muscle that has actions on only one articulation |
| Poly-articular | A muscle that crosses and has actions on three or more articulations |
| Number of bones that make up the wrist | 8 |
| Area of the wrist made up of eight small bone | Carpals |
| Three types of phalanges | Proximal, Middle, Distal |
| Number of bones that make up the hand | 19 |
| Number of phalanges in the hand | 14 |
| The three bones making up the functional wrist-hand mechanism | - Humerus - Ulna - Radius |
| Bony landmarks of the humerus (5) | - Lateral supracondylar ridge - Lateral epicondyle - Medial epicondial - Trochlea - Intertubercular sulcrus |
| Bony landmarks of the radius (4) | - Radial head and neck - Radial tuberosity - Styloid process of the radius - Oblique line |
| Bony landmarks of the ulna (3) | - Oleacranon - Styloid process of the ulna - Coronoid Process |
| Medial articulation of the upper limb | Elbow |
| Distal articulation of the upper limb | Wrist |
| The "zero" position | At 90* flexion, palms facing the body |
| Functional group of bones forming the elbow | Humerus, Ulna, Radius |
| Attachment points for muscles of the elbow | On the scapula or the humerus |
| Insertion points for muscles of the elbow | On the radius or the ulna |
| Three muscles affecting the elbow | Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis |
| Biceps Brachii origins (2), insertion | Origins: 1-short head: coracoid process of the scapula 2- long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Insertion: radial tuberosity of the radius |
| Brachioradialis origin, insertion | Origin: superior 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: Styloid process of the radius |
| The only muscle of the forearm that does NOT have an impact at the wrist | Brachioradialis |
| Triceps Brachii origins (3), insertion | Origins: 1-long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula 2- medial head: inferior 1/2 of the posterior surface of the diaphsys 3- lateral head: superior 1/2 of the lateral surface of the diaphsys insertion: olecranon (ulna) |
| Superficial muscles that have an action on the wrist and hand segment (8) | - Flexor carpi radialis - Palmaris longus - Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor digitorum superficialis - Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Extensor digitorum - Extensor carpi ulnaris |
| The common origin of the four flexor muscles of the wrist and hand segment | Medial epicondyle (humerus) |
| The common origin of three of the four extensor muscles of the wrist and hand segment | Lateral epicondyle (humerus) |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin, Insertion | Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal base, palmar surface |
| Palmaris Longus Origin, Insertions (2) | Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: 1- palmar carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) 2- palmar aponeurosis |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin, Insertion | Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Carpal - pisiform |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origins (3) Insertion | Origins:1- medial epicondyle of the humerus 2- lateral portion of the coronoid process (ulna) 3- oblique line of the radius Insertions:proximal, lateral and medial borders of the 2nd to 5th phalanges |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin, Insertion | Origin: inferior 1/3 of the lateral supracondyle ridge of the humerus Insertion: 2nd metacarpal base, dorsal surface |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin, Insertion | Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: 3rd metacarpal base, dorsal surface |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origins (2), Insertion | Origins: 1- lateral epicondyle of the humerus 2- middle 1/3 posterior surface of ulna Insertion: 5th metacarpal base, dorsal surface |
| Extensor Digitorum Origin, Insertion | Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: 2nd to 5th digit base, dorsal surface |
| Elbow flexion, actors | biceps brachii, brachioradialis |
| Elbow Supination, actor | biceps brachii |
| Elbow extension, actor | triceps brachii |
| Wrist flexion, actors | Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
| Wrist extension, actors | Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum |
| Wrist adduction, actors | Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
| Digit flexion, actor | Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
| Digit extension, actor | Extensor Digitorum |
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