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APWH Unit 2 - Naruta

Terms drawn from The Earth and It's Peoples for 600-1450

QuestionAnswerUnit Region
Shi'ite Branch of Islam that believed that the religious leadership rightfully belonged to Ali and his descendants; make up about 10% of Islam today. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Sunni Branch of Islam that believed that the community of Islam should choose its leaders more broadly. Follow the sunna, or "tradition" of Muhammad. Make up about 90% of Muslims today. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Mecca Caravan city located in the Arabian peninsula that housed the ka'ba. Today, a major piligrimage site for Muslims. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Muslim A person who "submits to the will of Allah." 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Medina Agricultural community to which Muhammad and his followers fled in 622 C.E., marking the year one in the Islamic calendar. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
umma A community defined solely by its acceptance of Islam and of Muhammad as the "Messenger of God." 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Caliphate Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Quran The Holy Book of Islam, comprised of the revelation of Allah to Muhammad and later recorded by his followers. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Umayyad First caliphate of Islam established after Mu'awiya chose his own son Yazid to succeed him. Greatly expanded the Islamic empire while favoring Arab muslims. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Abbasid Second caliphate of Islam, founded after Abbas and his followers overthrew the reigning caliph. Ruled from Baghdad from 750 until 1258, when they were conquered by the Mongols. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Mamluks Turkic slaves from Central Asia that served as a standing army for the Islamic Caliphate. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
ulama Arabic for "people with (religious) knowledge"-- as religious scholars they worked to prevent any permanent division of the Islamic umma. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Shari'a The law of Islam-- based off of Quranic writings and the Prophet's own authority. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Hadith The thousands of reports collected that reported the precise words and deeds of Muhammad. Became the basis of the sunna. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Madrasa An Islamic religious college. 600-1450 North Africa and Middle East
Cyrillic Writing system created by Cyril and Methodius used to convert Slavic Christians to Orthodox Christianity. 600-1450 Eastern Europe
Manor A large, self-sufficient agricultural estate. 600-1450 Western Europe
Fief A grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service. 600-1450 Western Europe
Vassals Noble followers of the king who recieved land in exchange for their promise to provide military service. 600-1450 Western Europe
Papacy The office of the pope that served as the central authority of Christianity. 600-1450 Western Europe
Excommunication To deny a Catholic the holy sacraments. Essentially, to remove a Catholic from the Church. 600-1450 Western Europe
Investiture Controversy Medieval struggle between the Church and the lay leaders to control the ecclesiastical appointments. 600-1450 Western Europe
Monasticism Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. 600-1450 Western Europe
Thomas a Becket Archbishop of Canterbury who was assassinated by King Henry's guards after he resisted the King's efforts to accuse clerics of crimes in royal courts. 600-1450 Western Europe
Horse collar Harness that enhanced European agriculture by moving the point of traction from an animal's throat to its shoulders. 600-1450 Western Europe
Pilgrimage Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill their vows, or gain absolution for sin. 600-1450 Eastern Europe; Western Europe; North African and Middle East
Tang Empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded in 618 and lasting until 907 C.E. Centered around the capital of Chang'an. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Grand Canal Built by the Sui Dyansty to link the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, this 1100 mile waterway served as a major transportantion system in China. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Tributary System Political relationship in which independent countries acknowledge the Chinese Emperor's supremacy, by sending an emissary with a tribute payment. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Bubonic Plague Bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by bites to rodents or humans, and by humans through coughing. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia; Western Europe; Eastern Europe
Wu Zhao After marrying into the Emperial family, declared herself emperor after seizing control. Claimed to be a Bodhisattva who favored Buddhists and Daoists over Confucianists. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Song Empire in Central and Southern China while the Liao and Jin people controlled the north. Known for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Junk China's main ocean-going ship that featured a stern-mounted rudder and watertight bulkheads. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Neo-Confucianism Term used to describe new approaches to understanding classic Confucian texts that beame the basic ruling philosophy of China from teh Song period to the twentieth century. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Mahayanna "Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. Forucs is on reverance for Buddha and bodhisattvas. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Zen Japanese branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined medication. Known in China as Chan and Korea as Son. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Movable Type Form of printing developed in Korea and China that allowed cheaper printing of many kinds of informative books and test materials. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Flying Money Tang credit system in which paper was guaranteed to be exchanged for coinage at another location. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Footbinding Practice of forcing the toes under the foot toward the heel so that the bones eventually broke and women could not walk on their own. Served as a status symbol. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Fujiwara Ancient family of Japanese priests, bureaucrats, and warriors that controlled power and protected the emperor. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Shogunate A decentralized military leader in Japan that ruled over samurai. 600-1450 st and Southeast Asia
Champa rice Fast-maturing variety of rice brought to China as a tribute from Vietnam. 600-1450 East and Southeast Asia
Created by: gregnaruta
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