Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P I: Brain & Nerve
Brain & Nervous System exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| brain structure: language functions | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: respiratory control centers | medulla oblongata AND pons |
| brain structure: cardiovascular control centers | medulla oblongata |
| brain structure: body temp control | hypothalamus |
| brain structure: "higher" brain functions | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: thirst and hunger centers | hypothalamus |
| brain structure: parts of brain stem | medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons, reticular formation |
| brain structure: coordination of skeletal muscle | cerebellum |
| brain structure: gray matter deep within cerebrum, involved with motor reflexes | basal ganglia |
| brain structure: surface gray matter of cerebrum | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: massive fiber tracts on anterior surface of brain stem | pons |
| brain structure: thinking, learning, memory | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: voluntary skeletal muscle control | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: conscious sensation | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: emotions | limbic system |
| brain structure: sensory relay station | thalamus |
| brain structure: fiber tracts connecting higher brain structures and spinal cord | medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons |
| brain structure: visual and auditory reflexes | midbrain |
| brain structure: maintenance of consciousness and arousal from sleep | hypothalamus AND reticular formation |
| brain structure: "survival" and "drive" behavior, emotional expression | hypothalamus AND limbic system |
| brain structure: primary regulator of endocrine system | hypothalamus |
| brain structure: control of ANS | hypothalamus AND medulla oblongata |
| brain structure: network of neurons in gray matter of brain stem | reticular formation |
| brain structure: digestive system control centers | medulla oblongata |
| regulates glands and involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth) | ANS |
| also known as the "efferent system" | motor system |
| brain and spinal cord | CNS |
| parts of peripheral nervous system | sensory system, enteric system, & motor system |
| regulates skeletal muscle | SNS |
| also known as "afferent system" | sensory system |
| consists of nerves and ganglia | PNS |
| carries incoming signals from sensory receptors | sensory system |
| carries outgoing signals to effectors | motor system |
| 2 divisions of the motor system | ANS & SNS |
| integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory input and motor output | CNS |
| consists of nerve plexuses in wall of digestive tract | Enteric NS |
| receives incoming information and selects appropriate response | Integration Control Center |
| pathway for "incoming" information | sensory pathway |
| "senses" changes in the internal or external environment | receptor |
| carries out corrective response | effector |
| pathway for "outgoing" information | motor pathway |
| neuroglia that are active phagocytes | microglia |
| neuroglia that provide supporting framework for neurons in the CNS | astrocytes |
| neuroglia that form myelin sheaths and neurilemma around PNS neurons | oligodendrocytes |
| neuroglia that line fluid-filled spaces within the brain and spinal cord and form CSF | enpendymal cells |
| neuroglia involved in the formation of the Blood Brain-Barrier | astrocytes |
| collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS | nucleus |
| collection of neuron cell bodies within the PNS | ganglion |
| bundle of axons within the CNS | tract |
| bundle of axons within the PNS | nerve |
| contains tracts for transmission of impulses from one part of CNS to another | white matter |
| brain and spinal cord nuclei are primarily this tissue type | gray matter |
| fiber tracts are primarily this tissue type | white matter |
| primary site of "integration" in the nervous system | gray matter |
| consists of myelineated axons of neurons | white matter |
| consists of neuron cell bodies and unmyelineated axons | gray matter |
| structure that begins at foramen magnum and continues down to L1 & L2 level vertebrae | spinal cord |
| part of spinal column between C4 & T1 from which nerves to & from the upper limbs arise | cervical enlargement |
| part of spinal column between T9 to T12 from which nerves to & from the lower limbs arise | lumbar enlargement |
| spinal nerve roots that extend past the end of the spinal cord that gather together | cauda equina |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord have? | 31 |
| spinal cord: contains cell bodies of somatic motor neurons | anterior horn |
| spinal cord: contains cell bodies of sensory neurons (unipolar) | posterior root ganglion |
| spinal cord: contains cell bodies of interneurons in ascending sensory tracts | posterior horn |
| spinal cord: contains ascending or descending axons of interneurons | column |
| spinal cord: contains cell bodies of ANS | lateral horn |
| parts of the spinal cord that contain gray matter contain nuclei contain cell bodies of neurons | horns |
| part of the spinal cord that contains white matter that contain tracts that contain axons of neurons | column |
| structures carrying sensory information to the brain | ascending tracts |
| structures carrying motor information from the brain | descending tracts |
| cordlike bundle of axons &/or dendrites & associated connective tissue coursing together outside the CNS with the purpose of conveying impulses | nerve |
| a feedback mechanism to control muscle length by causing contraction | stretch |
| a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation | tendon |
| reflexive response to pain | withdrawal (flexor) |
| helps maintain balance during reflex withdrawal | crossed extensor (a contralateral reflex arc) |
| contains both sensory and motor axons | spinal nerves AKA mixed nerves |
| are nerves composed of white or gray matter? | white matter |
| where are the dendrites of sensory neurons located? | outer surfaces |
| where are the dendrites of motor neurons located? | in the brain or spinal cord |
| what spinal nerves serve the cervical plexus | C1-C5 |
| what spinal nerves serve the brachial plexus | C5-T1 |
| what spinal nerves serve the lumbar plexus | L1-L4 |
| what spinal nerves serve the sacral plexus | L4-S4 |
| constant area(s) of skin providing sensory input to CNS via spinal nerves or V (trigeminal) nerve | dermatome |
| area of the brain: cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus | forebrain |
| area of the brain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons | hindbrain |
| area of the brain: midbrain | midbrain |
| midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata | brain stem |
| region of brain stem: white & gray matter exhibit a netlike arrangement with sensory (ascending) & motor (descending) functions | reticular formation |
| brain part that 1. maintains consciousness & awakeness 2. regulates posture & muscle tone | reticular activating system |
| white matter forming bulges on anterior aspect of the medulla | pyramids |
| corticospinal tracts that control voluntary movements of limbs & trunk; they crossover from left to right & vice versa | pyramids |
| location of ascending and descending fiber tracts to & from cerebrum | cerebral peduncles |
| nuclei involved in visual reflexes | superior colliculi |
| nuclei involved in auditory pathways & reflexes | inferior colliculi |
| 2 nuclei involved in skeletal muscle control | substantia nigra & red nuclei |
| bundles of axons that conduct impulses between the cerebellum & other parts of the brain | cerebellar peduncles |
| CSF filled cavities that protect the brain by acting as shock absorbers | ventricles |
| deep masses of gray matter | basal ganglia |
| separates cerebral hemispheres | longitudinal fissure |
| elevation or bulge of gray matter | gyrus |
| shallow groove in gray matter | sulcus |
| separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe | central sulcus |
| separates the frontal lobe and temporal lobe | lateral sulcus |
| fiber tracts connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres | corpus callosum |
| separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe | parieto-occipital sulcus |
| thin layer of gray matter on the surface of cerebrum | cerebral cortex |
| cerebral cortex: controls voluntary functions, learned movements, skill & delicate movement | primary motor & pre-motor cortex in frontal lobe |
| cerebral cortex: visual perception, recognition | visual cortex in occipital lobe |
| cerebral cortex: auditory perception, recognition | auditory cortex in superior part of temporal lobe |
| cerebral cortex: touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle | somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe |
| cerebral cortex: interprets meaning of speech | Wernicke's area in left temporal & parietal lobes |
| cerebral cortex: articulation of speech | Broca's area in frontal lobe |
| which cerebral hemisphere is dominant in language? | left |
| which cerebral hemisphere controls muscles on left side of body? | right |
| which cerebral hemisphere receives sensory information from the right side of the body? | left |
| which cerebral hemisphere is dominant in tasks involving 3D relationships & recognition of patterns, music & artistic apprecation? | right |
| gray matter, lateral to the thalamus, outside the CNS, made up of several structures of nuclei | basal ganglia |
| at a subconscious level, supresses unwanted movements, creates muscle tone, may initiate & terminate movements | basal ganglia |
| structure in the cerebrum that conducts nerve impulses | white matter |
| axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere | association tracts |
| axons conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one hemisphere to another | commissural tracts |
| axons from cerebrum to lower part of CNS | projection tracts (internal capsule) |
| to what group does corpus collosum belong? | commissural tracts |
| another name for the limbic system | the "emotional brain" |
| brain structure: primary motor area that initiates commands | cerebral cortex |
| brain structure: motor area that coordinates skeletal muscle movements | cerebellum |
| brain structure: vomiting, coughing, sneezing, rhythm of breathing | various motor nuclei of the Brainstem |
| brain structure: voluntary movements of limbs & trunk | pyramidal tracts of the Brainstem |
| brain structure: taste, hearing, equilibrium of inner ears | extrapyramidal tracts of the Brainstem |
| networks of blood capillaries, covered by ependymal cells that produce CSF | choroid plexuses |
| the Rate of CSF Production equals | the Rate of CSF absorption |
| shock absorber, buoyancy for the brain & spinal cord | CSF |
| 3 structures that protect the brain and spinal cord | vertebrae, meninges, & CSF |
| meninges that resemble a spider web | arachnoid mater |
| innermost layer of meninges | pia mater |
| tough, outermost layer of meninges | dura mater |
| contains CSF | subarachnoid mater |
| space between the arachnoid and dura mater | subdural space |
| space between the dura and surrounding vertebrae | epidural space |
| lateral ventricles are located within the 2 | hemispheres of the cerebrum |
| the 3rd ventricle is located between the walls of the | thalamus |
| the 4th ventricle is located between | the brain stem & cerebellum |
| fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater that project into the dural venous sinuses, especially superior sagittal sinus & reabsorb CSF | arachnoid villi |
| the 4th ventricle is continuous with the subarachnoid space via | 3 openings |
| 2 main arteries that supply the brain with blood | internal carotid & vertebral |
| main veins that drain the blood from the brain | jugular |
| tight junctions and astrocytes involved with the process of secreting chemicals to protect and restrict movement of substances to the brain | Blood-brain barrior |
| stroke or brain attack | CVA |
| impaired blood flow to the brain | TIA |
| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| OOOTTAFVGVAH | Old Olympic Over Towering Titans Away Far Very Great Very Awesome Hallelujah! |
Created by:
MKC
Popular Anatomy sets