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NEU 220 Vision 3
Object Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pragnanz | Perceive larger whole, not smaller pieces |
| Similarity | Similar objects are grouped together in perception. |
| Parallelism and Symmetry | Group together/match parallel objects. |
| Good continuation | Perceive object/pattern as one weaving unit, not several disconnected pieces. |
| Proximity | Objects grouped together by nearness to each other |
| Common fate | Objects that align or correspond are grouped together. |
| Meaningfulness | Familiar shapes are grouped together to create meaning. |
| Common unit | Objects grouped into singular unit based on organization |
| Uniform connectedness | Overrides proximity by way of connecting piece. |
| Synchrony | Events occuring together are grouped together. |
| Accidental viewpoint | Perceptual viewpoint |
| Heuristic | Methodical approach using all possibilities to guide perception. (Looking under furniture for cat) |
| Gestalt research findings on the V1 Cortex | V1 neurons can change firing rate based on information outside of receptive field |
| Perceptual segregation | Separating connected/related objects for separate recognition. (e.g., figure/ground) |
| 5 Means of Differentiation Between Figure/Ground | Symmetry, Smaller area, Vertical/horizontal orientation, Meaningfulness, Occlusion |
| Figure/Ground: Smaller area | Smaller piece is figure/object; larger piece is ground/background. |
| Figure/Ground: Vertical/horizontal Orientation | Favoring vertical & horizontal lines over others |
| Figure/Ground: Meaningfulness | Choose perception with meaning/relevance to real world. (e.g., waves NOT upside-down swirls, hole NOT thing) |
| Figure/Ground: Occlusion | In front of/obstruction |
| 2 Gestalt Theories on Object Recognition in context of varying angles | Structural description, Image description |
| Gestalt: Structural description | Object broken down into view invariant geons; allows for rapid recognition. |
| View invariant | Recognizable from any angle |
| Gestalt: Image description | Comparing visual data to prior knowledge/experience for matching and identification; NOT view invariant |
| Region of interest | Site of activity in brain that is attending to a stimulus. |
| Neurons in IT cortex | Active during perception, not sensation |
| 4 Types of Visual Attention | Stimulus salience, Scene schema, Task demand, Inattentional blindness |
| Visual Attention: Stimulus salience | "Interesting" stimuli chosen to be attended to over others; color/brightness, edges/contrast, vertical/horizontal lines, faces |
| Visual Attention: Scene schema | Expectation for what stimuli will be present and their organization in a given setting. |
| Visual Attention: Task demand | Attending to stimuli methodically, in the order we will use them. |
| Visual Attention: Inattentional blindness | Attention is occupied by one stimulus, and so others are disregarded. |
| Visual Attention: Precuing experiments | Subject instructed to focus on point and report when stimulus flashes; either an accurate or misleading cue precedes stimulus. |
| Visual Attention: Quality of perception based on attention | Attention enhances perception: More attention = more firing, More stimulus = more firing; More attention = more stimulus. |
| Illusory conjunctions | Features of unattended stimuli become mismatched in subject's report. |
| Visual search experiment | Target/distractor |
Created by:
pichelle
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