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History Ch. 5-7

History. A LOT of it. -_-

QuestionAnswer
Machiavelli and the Prince He wrote the book, "The Prince." In the book he says the Prince should be self centered and be able to put his conscience to rest.
Indulgence A release from all or part of the punishment for sin.
Salvation Acceptance into heaven.
Predestination Belief that God had determined in advance who would be saved and who would be damned.
John Calvin and Calvinism He published the, "Institutes of the Christian Religion." Calvinism created the formation of the Consistory. Calvin agreed with Luther on most important doctrines except predestination. (The Consistory is a special body enforcing moral discipline).
Martin Luther He began the Protestant Reformation. Lutherism was the first Protestant faith. The publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses attacked the abuses in the scale of indulgences, beginning the Protestant Reformation.
The 95 Theses Written by Martin Luther, attacked the abuses in the scale of indulgences, beginning the Protestant Reformation. He told the church in these theses that their indulgences were wrong.
Humanism Based on the study of the literary works of Greece and Rome. The study of the humanities. It was the duty of the intellect to be in service of the state.
Petrarch The father of Italian Renaissance humanism.
Christian Humanism Believed that if the people read the classics and especially the basic works of Christianity, they would be more pious.
Renaissance Man A cultured man of the Renaissance who was knowledgeable, educated, or proficient in a range of fields.
The Medici A family that controlled the government of Florence from behind the scene because of their wealth.
Florence A republic set up by a wealthy group of merchants. They controlled the Tuscany Region.
da Vinci Was an excellent example of Renaissance Italy's social ideal because he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.
Michelangelo An accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect. Was another artistic master of the High Renaissance.
Jesuits The society of Jesus founded by Spanish nobleman Ignatius of Loyola.
The Council of Trent Met off and on for 18 years in the city of Trent. It was cardinals and bishops that gathered to make church decisions.
Vernacular Language spoken in the writers region.
Edict of Worms Made Martin Luther an outlaw.
The Act of Supremacy The king was the only supreme leader on earth of the church of England.
Peace of Augsburg End to the warfare in Germany. The agreement accepted the division of Christianity in Germany.
The Treaty of Tordesillas Established a line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territories.
Columbus' voyages Columbus' four trips to the Asian mainland where he actually arrived at the carribean islands and Honduras.
Portuguese Routes The Portuguese route called Cape of Good Hope around the tip of Africa to the spice islands.
The 3 G's God, glory, and gold.
Middle Passage The journey of slaves from Africa to America.
Columbian Exchange and Triangular trade The pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and Asia and the American Continents.
Slavery in the New World The slaves were brought to the new world to work the sugarcane plantations.
Plantations Large Agricultural estates.
Cortes and the Aztecs He applied the 3 G's to dealing with the Aztecs. God, glory, and gold.
Divine Right of Kings That is, that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.
Westernization and Peter the Great Peter visited the west and was so impressed that he brought back to Russia the manners and culture.
Absolutism A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
Mercantilism Set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17th century. The prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of bullion.
Jean Baptiste-Colbert Controller general of fiances for Louis XIV. He sought to increase the wealth of France with Mercantilism.
Cardinal Richelieu Chief minister for Louis XIII, strengthened power of monarchy by removing the Huguenots political rights.
Henry of Navarre Leader of Huguenots converted to catholic when named king to stop fighting.
Edict of Nantes Gave Huguenots religious and political rights.
The English Civil War Fight between king and parliment to run country. Parliament fighters won because of Oliver Cromwell.
Charles I His execution horrified much of Europe.
Oliver Cromwell Helped parliament win the civil war. Eventually set up a military dictatorship.
Roundheads Parliament supporters in the Civil War. Got name because of hair style.
Puritans Protestants in England who were inspired by Calvinist ideas.
King James Version of the Bible The Bible translated to English for King James.
Huguenot French Protestants influenced by John Calvin.
Petition of Right, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights To make laws and levy taxes and that an Army could only be raised by Parliament.
Parliament Form of government where leaders are elected by the people.
Cavaliers Supporters of Charles I during the English Civil War.
Treatment of Natives in the New World At first they were treated fairly, but later had their land taken away.
The Restoration The restoring of the monarchy from King Charles II.
The Protectorate Period when the common wealth was governed by a Lord Protectorate.
The Spanish Armada The Spanish Navy. Attempted to invade England, but failed.
Boyars Member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscouians. Upper Nobility of Russia.
Ivan the Terrible First czar of Russia. He got the nickname because of the terrible things he did.
Louis XIV and Versailles Louis XIV set up the royal court to keep the people occupied and out of his way while ruling.
St.Petersburg Won in battle by Peter the Great so Russia would have a trading port with Europe.
Charles II The restored monarch of England after the death of Cromwell.
James II Ran out of England during the Glorious Revolution.
William and Mary Took control of the English government during the Glorious Revolution. Set up the Bill of Rights.
The Bourbons Ruled the Southern French Kingdom.
The Hapsburgs Area of Austria where several rulers and popes were born.
Tsar Also known as Czar or Ceaser in Russia.
Created by: Shiney444
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