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AP Chapter 4 Upshur

Question	Answer
urges Philip to lead Greece in a crusade against the Persians, characterizes Greeks as freedom-loving, rational, and masculine. ,characterizes Persians as enslaved, barbarian, and effeminate.	Isocrates
rather undeveloped before the fourth century B.C.E., territorially much larger than any classical city-state, including Athens and Sparta., Many Greeks thought of _______________ as backward and uncivilized.	Macedon
began his expedition against the Persian Empire with an army of about 65,000.	Alexander
An important research facility with a large library was established by	the Ptolemies at Alexandria in Egypt.
The first true literary masterpieces in the Latin language were	comic dramas.
Philip choose as tutor for his son, Alexander	Aristotle
farming life in Mauryan India	most farmers worked their own land.
was polytheistic., goal was pax deorum., was strongly influenced by Etruscan religious beliefs and practices.was strongly influenced by Greek religious beliefs and practices.	ancient Roman religion
chief civil authority in the Roman Republic was/were the	consuls.
New trade routes n markets proliferated in the Med. reg,, small farmer began to disappear., Devastation by Hannibal's army n long neglect had ruined many farmers., Wealthy senatorial aristocrats bought up failed farms and combined into vast estates,	a tendency within the Roman state by 133 B.C.E.
fought a bloody civil war against his populares opponents., had himself appointed dictator., drew up lists of public enemies who could be murdered for a reward.	Sulla
art depicted drunken orgies., nude and scantily clad figures., ladies dressed much like matrons of the Roman Empire.	Gandharan and Mathuran art
Who wrote "Plunder, murder, theft, these they [the Romans] misname empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace"?	Tacitus
shrewd annexation and alliance., Colonies of citizens or allies increased its available manpower., Its conquests were achieved by an army of conscripted militiamen., Its soldiers were extremely well trained and disciplined.	Rome at the beginning of the third century B.C.E.
strong walls and watch towers., pleasure parks., assembly halls., gambling places.	Typical of Mauryan cities
sculpture and other works of art., slaves skilled as doctors, cooks, and tutors., "exotic" fruits such as apricots, plums, and cherries.,	Hellenistic imports arriving in Rome by the late Republic
At the battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E.,	the eighteen-year-old Alexander shared command with his father.
secured Cleopatra's position as queen of Egypt., reduced the number of grain dole recipients., instituted a solar calendar system.,	Julius Caesar, After gaining control of the Roman state
was originally a Phoenician colony.	Carthage
These two second-century Roman emperors undertook major building projects that benefited the people of Rome and the empire	Trajan and Hadrian.
some few men and women became ascetics and lived celibate lives.	life in Mauryan India,
was never able to take the city of Rome itself because Rome's allies in central Italy remained loyal.	Hannibal
advances in Indian knowledge about astronomy., changes in Buddhist religious doctrine., alterations in Buddhist artistry., communication by land and sea between India and the west., alterations in Buddhist artistry.	effects of Alexander's conquests and the influences of Hellenistic culture on Indian culture
depicted Philip II as addicted to power.	The Philippics
seem to have acquired a preference for stucco as an artistic medium from Alexandria in Egypt.	Gandharan artists
had an important religious experience at the oasis of Siwah in Egypt.	Alexander
conquests included the Indus Valley., Palestine., Egypt., Syria.	Alexander
The author of a masterly didactic poem presenting the central axioms of Epicurean philosophy was	Lucretius.
Some scholars believe the early images of Buddha are Indian in origin because	the likenesses of Buddha seem to have evolved from images of yakshas.
the enrichment of Indian art by synthesis with the art of Rome, the Hellenistic world, Persia, and Central Asia.	The cultural aftermath of the fall of the Mauryan Empire
Asoka was similar to the Roman emperor Augustus in that he	saw moral exhortation and legislation as one of his duties as ruler.
Publius Cornelius Scipio defeated Hannibal at	Zama in 202 B.C.E.
during the Han dynasty often wielded great power because they assisted the emperor in performing rituals., they were considered "mother of the empire.", sons felt strong filial piety toward their mothers and grandmothers.	Empresses and empress dowagers
Some Buddhists revered him as a second Asoka., Though a Buddhist himself, he tolerated other religions., He called the Fourth Buddhist Council., He was a successful military leader.	King Kanishka
It had begun to take root by the first century C.E., Its three centers were Loyang, Tonkin, and the lower Yangtze Valley., Its meditation and yoga practices were akin to those of Taoists.	Buddhism in China
He defeated Seleucus Nicator., Through negotiations with Seleucus, he acquired India and the Kabul Valley in return for 500 elephants., He exchanged ambassadors with the Ptolemies in Egypt and with other Hellenistic rulers.	Chandragupta
solved Rome's problems of military recruitment by ignoring property qualifications and promising regular pay and land grants upon discharge.	Gaius Marius
war elephants, the sheer size of the country, the likelihood of determined Indian resistance presented problems of morale for the soldiers of	Alexander the Great in India
The three-tier division of government in Han China may be compared to that of	the United States.
The circumference of the earth was accurately calculated by	Eratosthenes.
the ethnically Italic groups inhabiting Italy in the eighth century B.C.E.	Sabines., Oscans., Umbrians., Latins.
Patricians aristocracy., mass of the free population suffered from poverty n oppression by aristocrats., Plebeians could rise rank of equites (knights)., By threatening secession the plebeians eventually secured certain essential individual rights.	early republican Rome
Royalty had suits of jade plaques made to encase their bodies after death because it	was thought that jade could preserve the body from decay.
A new imperial capital was built on the site of Byzantium by	Constantine.
The greatest Roman satirist was	Juvenal.
As a ruler who espoused a specific religion, Asoka may be compared to	Constantine.
Under the Western Han, what did vassal kings receive in return for their services?	Chinese titles, lavish gifts, trading rights
stylistic similarities to Platonic dialogues	the Questions of Melinda
Asoka was particularly successful in propagating Buddhism in	Ceylon.
Most soldiers were infantrymen., The standard weapon was a 40-inch long steel sword., The powerful Central Asian breeds of horse could carry a fully armored soldier., Iron was used for javelin tips and arrow heads, knives and chain-link armor.	military during the Han dynasty
After Asoka's death,	his sons and grandsons divided the empire.
The historian Livy felt the study of Roman history was worthwhile because	it provided such an abundance of examples of morally good behavior.
The defeat of a branch of the Hsiung-nu by the Han in Samarkand set in motion a migration of the nomads that created a domino effect reaching as far west as	the Roman Empire.
In the sixth century B.C.E., northwest India was conquered by	Darius of Persia.
an associate of Augustus and patron of Vergil and Horace.	Maecenas
Greeks popularized coinage medium of exchange, n Indian rulers followed suit., Gold coins issued by Kanishka conformed to the Roman standard., large quantity of Roman coins found in India proves the favorable balance of trade India enjoyed against Rome.	coinage in India
Civil service officials in Han China were either promoted, demoted, transferred or dismissed based on	efficiency ratings made every three years by their superiors.
In the Time of the Late Republic, Rome did not control	Egypt.
Rome's first overseas possession, won in the First Punic War, was	Sicily.
He relaxed some of the harsh laws regarding criminals., He prohibited animal slaughter in religious ceremonies., He enjoined his people to cultivate such virtues as obedience to parents.	reforms instituted by Asoka
According to Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus were born to	Mars.
subject areas included in the education of the natural world., the Iliad and the Odyssey., Pindar's poetry., athletics and weapon use.	Alexander the Great
Alexander's advance eastward in India was cut short by	a mutiny of his soldiers.
The Social War was fought over the issue of	citizenship for Italian allies of Rome.
moderation of the cruel Ch'in penal code., lifting the ban against intellectual activities., lessening of farmers' tax burden.	changes introduced by Kao-tzu
The typical farm consisted of about seventeen acres., Iron plows were in common use., Farm machinery was generally pulled by oxen.	Han China's agriculture
larger in territory and ethnically more diverse than classical city-states., administered by an elaborate hierarchy headed by a king of Macedonian descent., Private citizens counted for much less politically than had fifth-century Greeks.	Hellenistic kingdoms
The population of the Han Empire in the first century C.E. was likely about	55-60 million.
Chinese imports from the Roman Empire included	wool and linen., papyrus., acrobats and entertainers.
Rome's first Asian province was	bequeathed to it by King Attalus III.
Alexander's forces suffered their greatest losses	in the Gedrosian Desert.
was concerned with drugs and potions to prolong life and attain immortality., led to experiments and information on chemistry, pharmacology and other sciences., led to the discovery of the compass.	Popular Taoism during the Han period
The stone pillars erected by Asoka	are topped by symbolically important sculptures of animals.
When Alexander destroyed the city of Thebes, he spared the house of	Pindar.
ascended the throne at age fifteen., sought to reinforce central power at the expense of feudal lords and merchant princes., employed Legalistic methods while proclaiming Confucianism the state ideology	Emperor Wu
often lost their land through debt., often had to work as sharecroppers., sometimes had to sell themselves into slavery.	Farmers in the Han period
silk imported from China when dyed purple was rated at triple the value of gold by weight.	Roman Emperor Diocletian's "Edict on Maximum Prices"
By the late Republic, about what percentage of the citizen population had slave ancestry?	50 percent.
maintenance and expansion of road networks., ensuring water supply along caravan routes., suppression of piracy.	Measures adopted by Hellenistic governments to promote trade relations
The Kushan state was founded by the	Yueh-chih.
no power could restore unity to the Indian subcontinent., looser governmental structures appeared., civil wars were endemic.	Aftermath of the end of the Mauryan Empire in 185 B.C.E.,
Books were expensive and rare., Local officials recommended educated young men of good moral character to go to the capital city for written and oral exams., In 124 B.C.E., a national university was established to prepare young men for the civil service.	learning and education in Han China
The Emperor Wu established which of the following as the official state philosophy?	Confucianism
The Han dynasty is to China and East Asia as	the Mauryan dynasty is to India and Buddhists throughout Asia.
Emperor Valerian was captured by Sassanid Persian forces., Accession to the throne was often determined by mutinous legions or imperial guardsmen.	Roman Empire in the period 180-284
secured money to maintain a standing army by seizing the Mount Pangaeus gold and silver mines.	Philip II
promulgated sumptuary laws that forbade merchants to flaunt their wealth.	The Emperor Wu
Italy differed from Greece in having	abundant timberland and cultivable land.
India after the fall of the Mauryan Empire differed from western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire in that	intellectual and artistic life was not devastated.
The population of the Roman Empire around 100 C.E. was approximately	60 million.
The Han Chinese citizen soldier was obligated to serve for	one year at age 23.
replaced hunting with pilgrimages to places associated with the life of the Buddha.	After conquering Kalinga, Asoka
hedonism among the upper class., peasant revolts., the popularity of escapist Taoism.	causes of Han decline in the second century B.C.E.,
A philosophical system based on an atomic theory of the nature of the universe was developed by	Epicurus.
was probably suffering from advanced alcoholism, was planning new expeditions to the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, and perhaps the western Mediterranean.	At the time of his death, Alexander
was like Rome in being cosmopolitan and luxurious.	The Han capital at Changan
were profusely decorated with scenes from the Buddha's life.	Stupas built in the reign of Asoka

Created by: jchavez

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