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(Chapter 15)
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| encephal/o | brain |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalsclerosis | abnormal condition of hardening of the brain |
| echoencephalography | (echoEG) the process of recording the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalogram | (EEG) a record of the electrical activity of the brain |
| electroencephalograph | the machine that records the electrical activity of the brain |
| electroencephalography | the process of reocrding the electrical activity of the brain |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum (the largest part of the brain) |
| The cerebrum contains: | memories, hopes, dreams, wishes, fantasies, imagination, desires, and indivduality |
| cerebral thrombosis | abnormal condition of a thrombus (clot) in the cerebrum |
| cerebral infarction | occlusion of an artery in the cerebrum |
| cerebral cortex | the outer portion of the cerebrum |
| cerebral angiography | process of recording the vessels of the cerebrum |
| cerebral medulla | the middle or inner portion of the cerebrum |
| cerebral aneurysm | a weakness in an arterial septum of the cerebrum |
| cerebral concussion | traumatic brain injury (TBI) where the neurological deficits last less than 24 hours |
| cerebral contusion | traumatic brain injury (TBI) where the neurological deficits last more than 24 hours |
| craniocerebral | pertaining to the cranium and the cerebrum |
| lobotomy | surgical incision of a lobe |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe |
| hemisphere | half a sphere (brain) |
| ventricles | chambers in the brain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebellum | located at posterior portion of the brain, responsible for balance and equilibrium |
| cerebellar | pertaining to the cerebellum |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| tax/o | coordination |
| ataxia | no coordination |
| brain stem | made up of the pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain |
| brainstem is responsible for: | ventilation, blood pressure, heart rate |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| polio myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord caused by the polio virus |
| myelogram | a record of the spinal cord |
| lumbar puncture | (LP) surgical puncture to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AKA spinal tap |
| mening/o | meninges |
| meninges | protective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord, made up of dura matter, arachnoid membrane and pia matter |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoma | tumor/mass of the meninges |
| meningcele | herniation of a meninx |
| meningomyelocele | herniation of the spinal cord thru the meninges |
| subdural space | space under the dura matter |
| subarachnoid space | space under the arachnoid |
| subdermal hematoma | a blood mass in a subdural space |
| neurtomy | surgical incision of a nerve |
| neurectomy | surgical excision of a nerve |
| neuroplasty | surgical repair of a nerve |
| neurorrahapy | suturing a nerve |
| neuralgia | a condition of nerve pain |
| neurosis | (neurotic) abnormal condition of the nerves |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neurasthenia | a condition of nerve weakness |
| neuroma | tumor/mass in a nerve |
| neuron | nerve cell, sensory neurons allow you to feel, taste, smell, hear, and see. motor neurons allow you to move |
| central nervous system | (CNS) made up of brain and spinal cord |
| periphal nervous system | (PNS) made up of all the nerves except the brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | the neurons of the PNS have the ability to regenerate if damaged |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve (leg) |
| shingles | (herpes zoster) viral disease affecting the PNS causing pain and vesicles on the skin. only occurs in people who have been infected with the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) AKA chickenpox |
| vesicles | blisters |
| autonomic nervous system | (ANS) the ANS is involuntary; has two branches: parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system |
| parasymphathetic nervous system | controls: normal heart rate (HR), eupnea, peripheral vasodilation (normal pink skin color), bronchoconstriction, pupillary constriction (normal visual field), digestion, reproduction |
| sympathetic nervous system | "fight or flight" controls: tachycardia (to increase blood flow in the tissuses), tachypnea, pallor (due to vasoconstriction of the peripheral bld vessels to shunt body), bronchodialition, pupillary dilation, no digestive or reproductive function |
| shunt | redirect, divert, detour |
| esthesi/o | feeling or nervous sensation |
| anesthesia | (anesthetic) a condition of no feeling or nervous sensation |
| hyperesthesia | (hyperesthesic) a condition of excessive nervous sensitivity to stimuli |
| psych/o | mind |
| ment/o | mind |
| psychology | the study of the mind |
| psychogenic | pertaining to originating in the mind |
| psychologist | a specialist in the study of the mind |
| psychosis | (psychotic) abnormal condition of the mind |
| psychopathy | (psychopathic) diseased condition of the mind |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to mind over body |
| mental | pertaining to the mind |
| pleg/o | a condition of paralysis AKA palsy |
| monoplegia | (monoplegic) a condition of paralysis of one limb |
| quadriplegia | a condition of paralysis of the four extemities (spinal cord injury {SCI}) |
| paraplegia | condition of paralysis of the lower trunk and both legs (SCI) |
| hemi- | half |
| hemiplegia | condition of paralysis of the right or left side of the body (brain damage) |
| -paresis | partial paralysis (you can feel it, but not move it or vice-versa) |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis of one limb |
| interictal | pertaining to between seizures |
| convulsion | sudden rapid involuntary contraction and relaxation of group muscles (seizure) |
| epilesy | associated with seizures |
| tonic-clonic seizures | (grand mal) refers to the rapid contraction and relaxation of a group muscles associated with seizures |
| aura | a warning of an impending seizure |
| -iatry | treatment (Tx) |
| psychiatry | treatment of the mind |
| kines/o | movement |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| hyperkinesia | excessive movement |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| intracranial hemorrage | pertaining to a rapid flow of blood within the cranium (skull) |
| alges/o | pain |
| non-narcotic anagesic | pertaning to no pain with use of an over the counter (OTC) medication |
| cephal/o | head |
| -algia | pain |
| cephaalgia | a condition of head pain AKA headache |
| conscious | awake, alert, and aware |
| semi-conscious | partialy awake, alert, or aware |
| LOC | levels of consciousness: alert (awake and aware), lethargy (mental sluggishness), stupor (very groggy), unconscious ( unaware, respones to stimuli), coma (comatose, unconscious no response to stimuli) |
| GCS | glascow coma scale - standardized system to assess neurologica impairment |
| cerebrospina otorrhea | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) draining from the ears |
| papilledema | edema and inflammation of the optic nerve indicative of increase intracrania pressure (ICP) |
| cognitive | pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory and reasoning |
| MCI | mild cognitive impairment |
| disorientation | a state of mental confusion to person, place, or time AKA the three spheres |
| inchoherent | unable to express one's thoughts in an intelligible manner |
| OBS | organic brain syndrome, a mental decline (dementia + senility) |
| vertigo | dizziness, whirling sensation |
| syncope | (syncopal episode) fainting |
| gait | stable or unstable manner/syle of walking |
| NVS | neurological vital signs, periodic assessment of a persons neurological status AKA neuro checks |
| NVS include: | ALERT + oriented x 3 (spheres) which is the highest level of consciousness with a clear understanding of person, place, and time, PERRLA, which stands for pupils equal and round, react to light and accommodation, GAIT and reflex assessment |
| CAT | computerized axial tomography - process of recording using x-ray picture slices and a computer |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnostic imaging technique using magnetics to obtain an image |
| PET | positron emission tomography - x-ray picture slices of the brain after an IV injecion of a radiopaque dye |
| AD | alzheimer's disease or right ear |
| ADHD | attention defict hyperactivity disorder |
| MVA | motor vehicle accident |
| CVA | cerebral vascular accident AKA stroke |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack AKA mini stroke, little stroke |
| MS | multiple sclerosis or morphine sulfate |
| TBI | traumatic brain injury |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation which is used to stimulate healing and for treatment of chronic pain (back) |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| LOC | level of consciousness or loss of consciousness |
Created by:
RBarnes86
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