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global ch. 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| history | record of events that have taken place since a writing system was developed |
| prehistory | period of time before written records |
| civilizations | highly organizes, comples societies that combine a large number of people |
| anthropologists | study skeletal remains of early human-lkike creatures and decide what they looked like, etc. |
| hominids | human beings and other human-like creatures |
| archaeologists | scientists who excavate ancient settlements and study artifacts |
| artifacts | human-made material objects |
| culture | what humans acquire by living together; language, knowledge, skills, art, literature, life styles. |
| radiocarbon dating | technique that allows the age of organic matter to be identified by measuring the rate of decay of radiocarbon atoms |
| Paltolithic Age | oldest part of stone age lasted for 2 million years means "ancient" and "stone" |
| Ice Age | lasted from 50,000 to 110,000 years glaciers covered everything |
| "land bridges" | linked some countries and continents that are now separated by water people and animals migrated over these |
| Neanderthals | more efficient toolls than hominids, buried their dead |
| Cro-Magnon | made better tools (spear...), artwork |
| New Stone Age (Neolithic Age) | basic changes; ways to make tools, agriculture, domestication improved |
| nomads | wanderers who travel from place to place in search of food |
| domestication | taming of animals |
| Neolithic Revolution | shift from food gathering to producing food |
| division of labor | different people perform different jobs in civilizations |
| irrigation | method for transporting water for crops based on the use of ditches and canals |
| artisans | skilled craftworkers |
| cultural diffusion | spread of culture from one area of the world to another |
| name the four specific regions for early human development. | nile river valley (africa) tigris & euphrates (southwest asia) indus river valley (southern asia) huang he, yellow river valley (eastern asia) |
| what are the three characteristics of a civilization? | people produce surplus food towns/cities are created with some form of government division of labor exists |
| what was the first metal used by early man and what was the main problem with it? | copper. it was soft and couldn't keep a sharp edge in labor |
| what metal proved to be better than copper? | bronze. mixture of copper and tin. harder than copper |
| what metal replaced copper and bronze, and how is it made? | iron. made from earth; separated from ore, hammered to get rid of impurities that could weaken the iron |
| how did the status/role of women change in early civilizations? | women managed the family, made the food for the community |
| why did religion play such an important role in early civilizations? | people believed gods/goddesses controlled all aspects of their lives |
| what are the problems between the farmers of the four early civilizations. explain how it led to the rise of the first forms of government. | valley floods; no rain other than that. climate was hard to work with (unpredictable). irrigation was invented. because of cooperation from irrigation, governments were formed. |
| what are the two possible causes of early warfare? | water rights herders let their animals onto the garmers' land |
| what allowed for the "division of labor"? | improvement in farming |
| what factors led to the first development of the calendar? | the need to carefully observe the changing seasons for farming |
| what factors led to written language? | complexity of new life. people were now developing new rules/agreements for living together/protecting property (needed to write them down) |
| how has the written language evolved? | pictures represented things, symbolized ideas, stood for sounds, and signs represented consonants/vowels. |
Created by:
cr0st0n
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