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Anasazi- KLL
Anasazi Culture-Mr.B-SS-T1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anasazi (1) (ah-nuh-SAH-zee) | Culture that exsisted from about 1200 B.C. to 1300 A.D. in the four corners area of SW U.S. Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places like Mesa Verde, which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century. |
| Pueblo culture (PWEB-LOH) | [Spanish for "town"] Indian village in the American Southwest. |
| Mesa Verde | (MAY-suh VAIR-day) [Spanish for "Green Plateau"] 1. National park in southwestern Colorado, site of many Anasazi cliff dwellings. 2. The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde. San Juan River region. |
| Anasazi (2) | Navaho (more correctly, "Dine" or "Dineh") word which, depending on pronunciation, means either "enemy ancestors" or "ancient people who are not us." |
| Chaco Canyon | Extensive Ancient Puebloan culture (circa 800 AD) in NW New Mexico; Known for massive stone buildings (Great Houses) of multiple stories containing hundreds of rooms, extensive roads and water control systems. |
| Aztec Ruins | Anasazi village in New Mexico with largest reconstructed ceremonial kiva. |
| Bandelier | National monument containing a number of ancestral pueblo homes, multi-story dwellings,kivas (ceremonial structures), rock paintings and petroglyphs. Some of the dwellings were rock structures built on the canyon floor (AZ). |
| Tuzigoot | Ancient hilltop agricultural pueblo in AZ that consisted of 110 one, two, and three-story structures. (1000-1400 AD) |
| Hopi | Believed to be descended from the ancient Puebloan cultures who construsted large apartment-house complexes in NE Arizona and NW New Mexico along the Mogollon Rim, from 1100-1300 AD, when they abandoned their large villages. |
| Zuni | Like the Hopi, descendents of the Anasazi. |
| Navajo | AKA "Dene" people were hunter-gatherers until they adopted Pueblo life. Known for raising sheep, blanket weaving, and pottery. The Navajo Reservation in AZ is the largest in USA. |
| Taos | An ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos (Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people. Still inhabited, it is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. |
| Acoma | Known as "Sky City", is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 367-foot sandstone mesa in New Mexico. (1100 AD) It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities within the USA. Known for distinctive orange, white, and black pottery. |
| Flint | A hard, sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quartz; can be "flaked" with a harder stone to make arrowheads, spearpoints, etc. |
| Drought | An extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region recieves consistently below average precipitaion (rain or snow). |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and established a network of settlements (16th-18th century AD). Forced Indians to convert to Christianity. |
| Pueblo Revolt | In 1680, after years of Spanish religious persecution and brutality, New Mexico and Arizona pueblos coordinated an attack on the Spanish and drove them back to Mexico. 12 years later, Captin General Diego de Vargas led a bloodless reconquest. |
| Turquoise | An opaque, blue-to-green mineral prized by the Navajo and other Pueblo peoples for making silver jewelry. |
| Sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from other natural sources onto a surface to make a fixed, or unnfixed sand painting. Often temporary ritual paintings prepared for religious or healing ceremonies |
| Mano | (MAH-no) [Spanish for hand] Grinding stone. A hand-held stone used to grind grain, nuts and seeds on the larger metate. |
| Metate | (meh-TAH-tay) A flat or slightly concave stone base on which grain, nuts, and seeds were groung using the smaller mano. |
| Taos Pueblo | The oldest, continually inhabited pueblo in America, near the upper Rio Grande (NM). |
| Mogollon | (moh-goh-YONE) [Spanish for "hanger-on" or "sponger"]. A seperate culture which coexisted and had commerce with the Anasazi. These ancient farmers lived in what is now southern Arizona- New Mexico and northern Mexico. Named for the Mogollon Plateau. |
| Hohokam | A native American culture flourishing from about the 3rd century B.C. to the mid-15th century A.D. in south-central Arizona, noted for the construction of an extensive system of irrigation canals. |
| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern US. 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River. Largely made up of deserts, with scattered areas of forests. The Grand Canyon is in SW corner. |
| Foot Hold/Hand holds | Holes carved into the sheer rock face of cliffs so Pueblo people could climb up or down from cliff dwellings. Also made defense of their villages easier. |
| Nomadic | Constantly moving; never settling in one place; following food supplies and moving with the seasons. |
| Sedentary | Stationary; settled in one place; opposite of nomadic. |
| Horticluture | Cultivating plants and seeds for food. |
| Pueblo diet | Pueblo diet corn, beans, squash, pinon nuts, fish, deer, rabbit, antelope, birds, raised turkeys. |
| Santa Clara | The pueblo is on the Rio Grande, between Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and San Iidefonso Pueblo to the south. Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. |
| Kiva (Great Kiva) | (KEE-vuh) [Hopi] 1. A square, above-ground room used by modern day Hopi for religious and spiritual ceremonies. 2. A subterranean room- usually round, generally believed to have been used by Anasazi men for religious and ceremonial purposes. |
| Foot drums | Rectangular hardwood boards of different thickness or stretched animal hides laid across a rectangular kiva pit that make a deep resonating sound when danced upon. |
| Pictographs | Pictures or picture-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story. Pictographs can be found in the works of many ancient cultures on papyrus or wood, on cloth, on pottery and jewelry, painted on walls. |
| Pottery | Pueblo culture is known for the many styles of pottery from across the plateau region. Each pueblo has its own distinctive style. (See Acoma and Santa Clara) |
| Yucca plant | Member of the agave family with stiff green sword-like leaves and white flowers on a tall stalk. Pueblo peoples used the roots and flowers for food, tips for needles, fibers for weaving baskets, sandals and rope, sap (aloe vera) for medicine. |
| Kachinas | 1. Benevolent spiritual intermediaries between certain Southwestern peoples and the gods. Kachinas bring good health, fertility, rain, abundance and other blessings. 2. (Modern days) Dolls or images of the supernatural beings. |
| Weaving | Pueblo peoples wove decorative baskets and sandals from the fibers of the yucca plant. They wove colorful, intricate blankets from sheep wool. Dyed with natural plant and rock materials. |
| Mesa | Steep,elevated tabletop cliffs. Smaller than a plateau. |
| Monument Valley | (Navajo: Tse Bii Ndzisgaii, meaning valley of the rocks) is a region of the Colorado Plateau (AZ and UT) characterized by a cluster of vast sandstone buttes, the largest reaching 100 ft (300m) above the valley floor. |
| Cliff dwellers | Native Americans of the Anasazi culture who were builders of the ancient cliff dwellings found in the canyons, under cliff overhangs and on the Mesas of the U.S. Southwest. |
| Montezuma's Castle | Well preserved cliff dwellings. They were built and used by Pre-Columbian Sinagua people, nothern cousins of the Hohokam, [3] around 700 AD. Several Hopi clans trace their roots to immigrants from the Montezuma Castle/Beaver Creek area. |
| Hogan | The primary traditional round home of the Navajo people; made of wooden poles covered with layer of mud. Door faces east to greet the sun. |
| Wickiup | A temporary domed room dwelling, usually cinstructed of braches of reeds used by certain Southwest Native American tribes to provide shade and ventilation. |
| Maize | Early from of corn. |
| Fremont Culture | The fremont lived a lifestyle that revolved largely around hunting and gathering and corn horticulture. A pre-Columbian archaeological culture which recieved its name from the Fremont River in the U.S. state of Utah. |
| Marauders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agricultural pueblos. |
| Apache | One of the nomadic, hunter-gatherer, marauding tribes of the Southwest plateau region. Speak Athabaskan. |
| Granary | Storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks, stone and/or wood frames. Usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes. |
| Kayenta | (kay-YEN-tah) Regional group of the Anasazi, named for the region around Kayenta in northeastern Arizona. Monument Valley. The Kayenta Anasazi are ancestors of the Hopi, who prefer to call the area "Wunuqa." |
| Keresan | One of the languages of the Anasazi and descendents, including the people of Acoma, Cochiti, Laguna, Santa Ana, Santo Domingo, San Felipe and Zia Pueblos in New Mexico. |
| Kokopelli | ["Kachina hump," probably of Hopi/Zuni origin] A well-known mythological hump-backed flute player in most Southwestern Pueblo cultures. Among other things, this spiritual figure represents fertility and rain. |
| Moqui or Moki (Moh-key) | (MOH-kee) A Hopi word meaning "The Dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors. Preferred by the Hopi to the Dine Navajo word, "Anasazi." |
| Petroglyph | Rock carvings or rock "art" made by "pecking" the surface with another rock. Ex: "Newspaper Rock" in Holbrook, Arizona. |
| Pinon (pee-NYHONE) | Small pine tree with large edible nuts. [Spanish for "pine nut"]. |
| Pithouse | A house built substantially underground. Used by many early cultures, including the Anasazi. Consisted of a pit, often lined with rocks, and a roof of branches, mud, etc., held up by vertical timbers, usually four. |
| Potsherd | Fragment or piece of broken pottery. Also "shard." |
| Pueblo Bonito | (PWEB-loh boh- NEE-toh) [Spanish for "pretty village"] the most famous Great House at Chaco Canyon. |
| Puebloan | 1.Modern Native American Indian peoples, including those living at Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, Jemez, and Zia pueblos and the 14 Rio Grande pueblos. 2. Anasazi ancestors of the modern Puebloans. |
| Sipapu (SEE-pah-puh) | 1.The navel of the Earth from which distant Puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world. 2.The small hole or indentation in the floor of a kiva which symbolize the peoples Earthly origin. |
| Spindle whorl | In hand spinning, the spindle is a rounded rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread. The whorl is a sort of flywheel that regulates the speed of the spinning wheel. |
| Teosinte (TEE-oh-SIN-tee) | Tall grass-like native of Mexico with tassel and samll, hard ears. Believed to be ancestor of corn. |
| Tree-ring dating | Scientific technique of comparing a cut timber to a master calender of tree-ring growth from about 6700 B.C. to the present. Based on the fact that a tree grows a ring each year and the rings are narrower in dry years and wider in wet years. |
| Stone mortar and pestle | Hollowed stone bowl and mashing tool used to grind maize, nuts, berries, pigments. |
| Colorado River | 1450 miles long river that flows southwest from the Continental Divide to the Gulf of California. It's powerful waters formed the Grand Canyon over 9 million years. |
| Rio Grande River | 1896 miles long and flows from southwestern Colorado in the United States to the Gulf of Mexico. Forms the US southern border with Mexico. |
| Pueblo culture music | Foot drums, tamborines, reed flute, turtle shell rattles used to create connections to spirit world and reflect sounds of the natural landscape. |
| Plateau | Is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. |
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kelsie7
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