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Phys 1 final review
Massage therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intracellular fluid | Fluid on the inside of the cell |
| Cytosol | fluid on inside of cell |
| Cytoplasm | contains all organells of the cell |
| Metabolism | the sum of all reactions in a cell |
| Anabolism | building up of a substance in a cell |
| Catabolism | breaking down of a substance in a cell |
| reduction | anabolic reaction - building up |
| Oxydation | catabolic reaction - breaking down |
| Endocrine system | system that secrets hormones |
| Paracrine | hormone that locally stimulates |
| Autocrine | Hormone that stimulates itself |
| Integumentary System | Skin, nails, hair... |
| Homeostasis | regulated by the endocrine system - the body always maintaining an equilibrium |
| ATP | Energy source for muscles |
| ATP+P+E | Produces work and heat |
| where is glucose metabolized? | Mitochondria |
| Pyruvic Acid | What glucose breaks down in to |
| Lactic Acid | What glucose turns into w/out oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | where glucose goes in the presence of oxygen |
| Electron Transport Chain | After Krebs cycle to produce ATP |
| Amino Acids | Building Blocks of Proteins |
| Peptide Bond | Type of covalent bond found between Amino Acids |
| Monosacharides | building blocks of Carbohydrates |
| Glycogen | stored form of glucose |
| Where is glycogen stored? | In the liver |
| Fatty Acids | Building blocks of lipids |
| What makes an organic substance | The presence of carbon |
| Triglycerides | Lipids |
| Gluconeogenesis | New glucose formed from a non-carb source - In Liver |
| 2nd messenger | Water soluble hormone that activates a substance inside of the cell |
| G-protein | activates Adenylate Cyclase - ATP made - cAMP activated - activates an enzyme inside cell that changes the phys of that cell |
| What substances are able to pass thru the cell membrane? | Lipid soluble |
| lipid soluble hormones target... | DNA |
| Transcription | DNA transcribes data onto mRNA - 1st |
| Translation | mRNA passes thru nucleus membrane and translates data to collect the proper building blocks |
| Mitosis | somatic cell division - parent into 2 identical daughter cells |
| Meiosis | reproductive cell division |
| Myoglobin | binds o2 to skeletal muscle and gives it a red color |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium in the skeletal muscle |
| Actin | thin fibers involved in muscle contraction |
| What releases the action potential | the release of ACH diffusing into the sarcolemma |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical between synapse and sarcolemma |
| sarcolemma | Cell membrane of skeletal muscle |
| Sarcomere | unit divided by z lines that contains Actin & Myosin |
| z lines | separate sarcomeres - give skeletal muscle striated look |
| Passive Transport | simple diffusion - down the transportation gradient - no energy used |
| Active transport | Sodium/potasium pump - up the concentration gradient - uses energy |
| hydrophobic | lipid soluble |
| hydroliphic | water soluble |
| lipophobic | water soluble |
| lipophilic | lipid soluble |
| lysosome | breaks down waste - contains digestive enzymes |
| Cell Membrane | Phospholipid bylayer |
| Nucleus contains | DNA & RNA - all genetic material for the cell |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | has ribosomes - produces protein |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | manufactures steroids/lipids |
| golgi apparatus | packages/sorts proteins/lipids - UPS |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell - produces ATP |
| na | sodium |
| k | potassium |
| o | oxygen |
| n | nitrogen |
| c | carbon |
| glycogen lasts in liver... | 4 hours |
| Pancreas produces | insulin & glucagon |
| where is glycogen stored | in the liver and skeletal muscle |
| glycogen that can't be stored becomes... | adapose/fat |
| atoms in nucleus | protons & neutrons |
| atoms outside nucleus | electrons |
| lipogenesis | creation of lipids-insulin |
| glucogenesis | conversion of glucose to glycogen |
| what type of muscle found in walls of blood vessels | smooth |
| what organ detoxifies amonia | liver |
| cAMP | most common second messenger |
| Krebs cycle happens in | mitochondria |
| Krebs cycle | breakdown of glucose which builds up coenzymes |
| Electron transport chain | energy from coenzymes make atp in this process |
| glycogenesis | glucose to glycogen (reduction reaction) |
| Glycolosis | breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvic acids |
| glycogenolysis | glycogen to glucose |
| deamination | breaking off an amino acid |
| monosacharide | building blocks of carbs |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| Amonia | waste byproduct of protein broken into urea & shipped to the kidneys |
| glucagon | raises blood sugar/convers glycogen to glucose |
| Pancreas produces... | glucagon & insulin |
| Adrenaline produced in... | medulla of adrenals |
| Corticoids produced in... | cortex of adrenals |
| Osmosis | movement of water - passive |
| symport/antiport | 2ndary active transport - piggyback |
| synaptic vessicles contain... | neurotransmitters |
| Smooth muscle appearance | long spindles with single nucleus |
| Striated muscle has ... | single nucleus |
| Intercollated discs are found in... | cardiac muscle |
| Striated multinucleus | skeletal muscle |
| z lines | separate sarcomeres |
| ACHE (acetocholine esterase) | breaks down ach and stops the action potential |
| neuromuscular junction | motor neuron & sarcolemma |
| ribosomes | make proteins |
| phagocytosis | cell eating - active process mainly done by white blood cells |
| smooth Endoplasmic reticulum | makes lipids, steroids |
Created by:
goodbunn
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