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J & S
Quiz # 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscles of Mastication | Masseter, temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoid |
| Muscles of facial expression | Epicranius, orbicularis oculi, levator labii superioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis, buccinator, corrugator, orbicularis oris, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor labii inferiorus, platysma |
| Head flexors | Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally), rectus capitis anterior, longus capitis (bilaterally) |
| Head rotators | Sternocleidomastoid (unilaterally), longus capitis (unilaterally), splenius capitis (unilaterally) |
| Head lateral flexors | Sternocleidomastoid (unilaterally), splenius capitis (unilaterally), rectus capitis lateralis |
| Head extenders | Splenius captitis (bilaterally) |
| Flexors of neck | Longus colli, scalenes (bilaterally) |
| Lateral flexors of neck | Scalenes (unilaterally), splenius capitis, cervicis (bilaterally) |
| Extenders of neck | Rectus capitis posterior major, splenius capitis, cervicis (bilaterally) |
| Rotators of neck | Scalenes (unilaterally), rectus capitis posterior major, splenius capitis, cervicis (unilaterally) |
| Flexors of vertebral column | Rectus abdominis |
| Extenders of vertebral column | Iliocostalis, spinalis, internal obliques, longissimus, semispinalis, external obliques, quadratus lumborum |
| Lateral flexors of vertebral column | Iliocostalis, spinalis, longissimus |
| Rotators of vertebral column | External obliques, internal obliques |
| Elevators of rib cage | Serratus posterior superior |
| Depressers of rib cage | Serratus posterior inferior |
| Cervical vertebra (special features) | Transverse foramen |
| Atlas (special features) | No body, anterior & posterior arch, lateral masses, articular surface for dens |
| Axis (special features) | Dens (odontoid) process |
| C7 (special features) | Prominent spinous process |
| Thoracic vertebra (special features) | Rotation; Articulate with ribs, long spinous processes that point downwards, many facets |
| Lumbar vertebra (special features) | Flexion/extension; large body |
| Sacrum | Five fused vertebra (S1-S5) |
| Sacral landmarks | Base, apex, auricular surface, median sacral crest, sacral edge |
| Base of sacrum | articulates with body of L5 |
| Apex of sacrum | Articulates with coccyx |
| Auricular surface of sacrum | Articulates with ilium |
| Median sacral crest | Fused spinous processes |
| Sacral edge | Lateral edges of the sacrum |
| Sacral canal | Continuation of vertebral canal |
| Coccyx | 2-4 fused vertebra (Co1-Co4) |
| Thorax | Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae |
| Sternal landmarks | Manubrium (suprasternal notch, clavicular notches), body, sternal angle, xiphoid process |
| Rib landmarks | Body, costal angle, costal groove, head with facets, tubercle with facet |
| Ribs | 12 pairs, 7 true, 5 false (2 floating) |
| Body of vertebra | Weight-bearing structure, allows us to be erect without collapsing |
| Pedicle | Base of arch, part of development |
| Lamina | Top of arch, protects spinal cord |
| Vertebral arch | Lamina & pedicle, protects spinal cord |
| Vertebral foramen | Body, lamina, pedicle |
| Spinous process | Sticks out back, muscle attachment |
| Transverse process | Sticks out side, muscle attachment |
| Vertebral canal | Consecutive vertebral arches (foramena) |
| Superior articular process and facet | Stick straight up |
| Inferior articular process and facet | Sticks down |
| Intervertebral foramen | Hole where nerve exits spinal column (between two joined vertebra) |
| Intervertebral disc | 1) Nucleus pulpous, 2) Annulus fibrosis |
| Ligaments | Protect and stabilize |
| Functions of vertebral column | 1) Weight-bearing, 2) shock absorption, 3) Protects spinal cord, 4) Balance between strength & flexibility |
| Parietal bone | part of skull (top) |
| Ethmoid bone | Forms roof of nasal cavity |
| Sphenoid bone | Forms anterior cranium |
| Zygomatic bone | cheekbone |
| Lacrimal bone | Anterior eye orbit |
| Nasal bone | Bridge of nose |
| Inferior nasal conchae | - Fragile scroll like bones; warm, moisten air |
| Vomer | - Lower part of nasal septum |
| Mandible | Lower jawbone, - Attached by temporomandibular articulation |
| Hyoid bone | Suspended from styloid process by muscles/ligaments (palpable) |
| Auditory Ossicles | - 3 bones per side that transmit sound |
| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) | Only synovial joint in skull |
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