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History_2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Minoans | linear A alphabet, Crete, construction, rich, |
| Mycenaean | linear B alphabet, fought Trojan Wars, |
| Polis | city states of Greece |
| Sparta | warlike, simple ppl, agriculture based, great military |
| Helots | farmers around Sparta who were like slaves of the states and had to farm for Spartans |
| Athens | democratic, trade based, poor ppl=slaves, voting, class conflict, artsy, "education of Greece" |
| Solon | mediator between classes, aristocrat, cancelled all dept+ended dept slavery, made everyone be able to help in gvmt (rich nd poor) |
| Perciles | most popular Athens leader, building projects` |
| Persian Wars | greeks vs. cyrus&darius (Persia), greek ionian colony rebels, greeks come to help, persia attacks greece (defeated at Marathon), greece eventually won |
| Battle of Marathon | Darius attacked city of Marathon, Persians lost |
| Delian League | alliance made by greek polies to fight off attackers, athens leader, other polies paid athens but athens used it to build things instead of military |
| Peloponnesian war | polies divided into 2 groups: Athens & Sparta, war between 2 sides, Sparta won but internal conflict cntd |
| Socrates | athenian philosopher, focused on human behaivior, honor is most impt, killed for corrupting youth, didnt know how to write |
| Plato | deciple of socrates, world of Forms & Ideas, thought there was more than one world, thought philosphers should be rulers of lands, wrote down socrates ideas |
| Aristotle | deciple of Plato, taught AtheGreat, disagree w/ Forms&Ideas, explored concept of reality, wrote books on many topics |
| Roman republic | aristocratic, aristocrats in charge, tention between classes, if civil or military crisis dictator ruled for 6 months, plebians slowly gained power and representatives in gvmt |
| patricians | wealthy classes, could vote and be elected |
| consuls | 2 ppl, ran republic (had executive responsibilities), were advised by senate |
| plebians | common ppl, had much tension with patricians but slowly gained power by threatening to succeed |
| tribunes | representatives of plebians (at first there were 2, then eventually became 10) |
| expansion | rome conqured all of italy and moved out. allowed conquered ppls to become citizens, treated them well |
| carthage | city state, wealthy, top powere in meditiranean, conquered by rome |
| punic wars | carthage vs rome, economic fights over sicily, rivaled for supremecy, rome put carthage under seige and won |
| latifundia | large plantations owned by wealthy, had many slaves |
| tiberius and gaius grachus | leaders of civil war, equal land distribution, were both assassinated |
| julius ceaser | liberal, social reform, hosted public spectacles (gladiators, etc) and conquered Gaul to get love of ppl, nephew of general, claimed himself dictator for life, extended citizenship, was assassinated |
| Augustus Ceaser | nephew of julius, took over after him, centralized politics & military, monarchy disguised as a republic, greatest rivals were Mark Antony & Cleopatra |
| Pax Romana | "roman peace", reign of Augustus, trade & communication |
| Roman Roads | large enough for 2 way traffic, connected empire, |
| Roman Law | elaborate, Twelve Tables (basic law code for citizens), innocent till proven guilty, judges |
| Judaism | persecuted by Romans because they wouldn't recognize emperors as gods, Jewish War but Romans won |
| Christianity | strong moral code, devoted to God, new testament, earliest followers all Jews, some believed Jesus was son of god & some didn't, diverse religion |
| Paul of Tarsus | preacher, spread faith, used Roman Roads+MSea, put faith before family and you |
| collapse of Han Dynasty | internal problems, fighting between elites, peasants rebelled, large land owners raised armies, generals ruled & emperor was puppet, when dynasty ended many nomadics moved in, China divided into 3 empires |
| Chang'an | capital during Han Dynasty, reduced to dump after dynasty ended |
| Sinicization | nomadic ppl moved in, adopted chinese culture, became chinese |
| barracks emperors | generals who would rule Rome for a short while, then get killed by rivals |
| Diocletian | emperor, divided rome into West and East Rome, coemperors ruled each half along with tetrarchs, stabilized economy |
| tetrarchs | 4 officials who helped rule each half of Rome |
| Constantine | son of Diocletian's coruler, claimed thrown after D died, defeated all enemies, strategic, united empire, built constantinople |
| Constantinople | built by emperor Constantine, capital of Rome, in strategic spot of modernday Istanbul |
| Germanic Tribes | migrating ppls, from northern Europe, got kicked out of their area by the Huns, moved into Rome and took over Western half |
| Huns | ancestors of Xiongnu, from central asia, attacked germanics ppl and sent them running to Rome |
| Edict of Milan | made by Constantine, stated that Christians could practice openly without persecution |
| Council of Nicaea | council of bishops+patriarchs, argued about Christian ideas like if Jesus was son of God |
| Philip of Macedon | took over greece, was assasinated, wanted to invade persia |
| Alexander the Great | took over after dad, attacked Persia, was taught by Aristotle, took over Persia and everything from Greece till India, spread "helonism" (Greek Culture), died mysteriously |
| Phalanx | arrangement of army, flexible, could make any shape |
| asia minor | AtheG easily took over as liberator & persian king after Persia fell |
| Egypt | AtheG easily took over and was welcomed as Pharoh |
| Gaugamela | battle, Darius thought he could beat him easily, Alexander won with far less men, attacked center of army w/ Darius and Darius fled and his men followed |
| Hellenistic Era | ate of Alexander & 3 empire successors |
| Antigonid Empire | 1/3 of Alexander successors, Greece + Macedon |
| Ptolemaic Empire | 1/3 of Alexander successors, Egypt |
| Seleucid Empire | 1/3 of Alexander successors, former Persian empire |
| Spartacus | lead slaves against Rome in 3rd Slave War |
| Stoicism | philosophy, ppl have duties and shuld perform them |
| Monsoon System | knowledge of these winds helped increase trade, north is dry and south is wet |
| silk roads | network of roads connecting China to Europe, silk was prized |
| Silk Production | from silkworms, china managed to keep secret for awhile |
| Spread of Buddhism & Hinduism | merchants carried it with them |
| spread of christianity | spread via Roman Roads and missionaries, message of salvation popular |
| nestorians | christians that emphasized human Jesus, not divine Jesus, mostly in Asia |
| Mani and Manichaeism | Mani the prophet, blended Christianity+Buddhism+Zoroastrianism, struggle between good&evil, ethical standards |
| Epidemic Disease | brought down populations everywhere, Han & Roman empire, decrease in trade |
Created by:
unknownstudent
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