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Chap 1-4
Introduction; Healthcare structure, Safety & Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Phlebotomy? | Practice of drawing blood |
| Phlebo means | Vein |
| ~tomy neans | To make an incision |
| A phlebotomist needs skills like: | Technical skills, organization, detail oriented,nterpersonal skills, handling stress, being professional |
| Phlebotomists personal characteristics | Dependability, Honesty & Integrity, Positive attitude, Empathy & Compassion, Professional detachment, Prof appearance, Interpersonal skills, and telephone skills |
| Professional Organizations and Standards | Develop standards and monitor training in the field |
| What are the three aspects Professional Organizations and Standards? | Accreditation, Certification and Continuing Medical Education Units |
| Accreditation | Programs that train phlebotomists receive approval from a professional org by meeting and documenting established requirements called Standards |
| Certification | Evidence that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice. |
| Continuing Education Units (CEUs) | Provides updated on new information, Regulations and techniques and help refresh a phlebotomists skills |
| What is informed consent? | That patient must be informed of intended treatment and their risks before they are performed |
| What is confidentiality? | All information regarding a patient's condition including types of tests ordered or results is confidential |
| HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act | Covers the privacy of patient's medical information |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome |
| CLIA '88 | Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988 |
| CLSs | Clinical Lab Scientists |
| CLTs | Clinical lab Technicians |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| SST | Serum Separator Tube |
| Fiscal & Information services | Responsible for adminissions and medical records, billing, accounting and other financial aspects |
| Support services | Includes all aspects of physical plant of the hosp., e.g., cleaning, maintenance, food and security |
| Nursing services | Provides direct care to patients |
| Professional services | Provide services at physicians requests |
| Cardiac Catheterization | Evaluates and treats patients with cardiovascular diseases |
| Clinical Laboratory | Analyses samples from patients at request of physicians or other health care personnel |
| Nuclear Medicine | Uses radioisotopes to perform tests and treat diseases |
| Occupational Therapy | Assess patients and design adaptive aids or compensatory strategies to help with physical or mental impairments |
| Pharmacy | Prepares and dispenses drugs that have been prescribed by physicians |
| Physical Therapy | Assess patients wboth before and after treatment and devise plans of physical treatment |
| Radiation Therapy | Treats cancer using x-rays or other high energy radiation sources to destory the tumor |
| Radiology or Medical Imaging | Interprets a range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using various forms of radiant energy |
| Respiratory Therapy | Provide treatment for respiratory discorders. They often perform arterial punctures for the determination of arterial blood gases |
| Blood Bank or Immunohematology | Deals with blood transfusions |
| Blood typing checks for two major antigens groups | ABO Group and Rh Group |
| Autologous donation | When a patient donates their own blood for transfusion |
| SST | Serum Separator Tube |
| What color is Serum | Clear, pale yellow fluid |
| Hemostasis | Refers to the process by which the body stops blood from leaking out of a wound |
| CLINICAL LAB IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1988 (CLIA '88) | Passed by Congress which mandated the regulation of all facilities that perform patient test. |
| CLINICAL AND LAB STANDARDS INSTITUTE | Sets standards guidelines |
| Accreditation is required for | Healthcare facilities to receive Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement |
| JOINT COMMISSION | Labs must be inspected and accredited every 2 yrs |
| C P R | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| M S D S | Materials Safety Data Sheet |
| N F P A | National Fire Protection Association |
| Safety Hazards | Biological, Physical, Sharps, Chemical, Radioactive, Electrical, Fire or explosive, Latex sensitivity |
| Physical hazards | Mostly a matter of common sense plus learning important habits |
| Sharp hazards | Mostly needles and lancets |
| Needle Stick Safety and Prevention Act of 2001 | Requires all employers switch to safety needle devices to minimize risk of accidental sticks |
| OSHA Hazardous Communication Standard | Requires all manufacturers label hazardous materials |
| The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) label | Is a design recofnized by firefighters that warns of the location of hazardous materials in the event of fire |
| NEVER ADD WATER TO | ACID |
| If chemical spills on you | Proceed immediately to a safety shower or eyewash station and flush affected area with water for a minimum of 15min |
| Radioactive hazards | Are used in health care facilities to perform diagnostic tests and deliver treatment |
| Radioactive hazard symbol | should be displayed in areas which radioactivity is in use |
| Electrical hazards | Usually result in shock or fire |
| Emergency Response to Electric shock | Turn off the equipment by unplugging it or switching off the circuit breaker |
| Fire and Explosive Hazards | May occur in labs due to chemical or electrical accidents |
| Acronym RACE: | Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish |
| Acronym PASS | Pull the pin, Aim at base of fire, Squeeze handle and Sweep |
| Classes of fire and extinguishers | There are five classes of fire identified by NFPA |
| Type A | Contain water or dry chemicals - used for wood, paper and cloth |
| Type B | Contain dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, or environmentally safe fluorocarbons - used for grease, oil, and flammable liquids |
| Type C | Are safe for electrical fires |
| Type D | Agents are dry powders - used for flammable metals |
| Type K | Used in kitchens for cooking oils and grease |
| MRI hazards | Uses extremely powerful magnet to creat images of body |
| Emergency First-Aid Procedures | Healthcare works should be training in CPR techniques and refresh their skills biannually |
| Bleeding Aid | Apply direct pressure to bleed; Elevate the limb unless fracture is suspected; Maintain pressure until medical assistance is available |
| CPR procedure | Determine if victim is conscious and call for help; If victim unresponsive, begin chest compressions or use an AED if available (defibrillator); Perform chest compressions by pushing down on chest btwn 1.5-2" Compression shold be at rate of 100 per min |
| Disaster Emergency plan | Usually in place for disaster emergencies such floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, or fire |
| Latex sensitivity | FDA require labeling of medical gloves that contain naturual rubber latex or powder |
| Preventing latex reactions | Individuals with known sensitivity to latex should wear medical alert bracelet |
| A I D S | Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome |
| P P E | Personal Protective Equipment |
| Infection | Is an invasion and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease |
| Pathogens | Infectious organisms - e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists |
| Nosocomial infections | Infections contracted by patients in hospitals |
| Chain of infection | Requires a continuous link through three primary elements. |
| Infection links | Reservoir, means of transmission and host |
| Other links include | portal of exit, portal of entry |
| The Reservoir | The source of infection |
| Fomite | A source - e.g., a contaminated object |
| Host | Susceptible patientm profesional worker, visitor |
| Microorganisms can be transmitted by | Droplet or airborne routes (direct or indirect) |
| Disease transmission can be spread by five means: | Contact, Droplet, Airborne, Common vehicle, Vector |
| Breaking chain of infection | Practicing appropriate hand hygiene, using PPE and Standard Precaution practices and also Isolation |
| Antiseptic | Agent used to clean living tissue, preventing sepsis or infection |
| PPE | Consists of barriers and respirators used alone or in combination to protect skin, mucous membrane and clothing |
| Standard Precautions refers to | Infection control measures that use barrier protection |
| Order of putting on PPE | 1) Gown 2) mask, respirator, googles or face shield 3)Gloves |
| Order of removing PPE | 1) Gown and gloves 2)hand hygiene 3) googles/shield 4) mask/respirator 5) hand hygiene after removing all PPE |
| Occupational Safety & Health Administration's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (OSHABPS) | Clarifies issues regarding sharps safety |
| Isolation Control Measures | Is used to protect the patient from infectious agents in the environment or carried by staff or visitors or can be used to protect staff, visitors and other patients |
| Protective Environment (PE) | Units for minimizing risk of acquiring environmental fungal infections. Immunocompromised patients may have their own isolation unit |
| Isolation precaution are based on two-tiered systems | 1) Includes precautions used for all patients in the hospital, without regard to their diagnosis or infection status; 2) Uses expanded precautions (EPs) - for pts known be or suspected of being infected with a highly transmissible pathogen |
| Airborne Precautions | Used for patients known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei - e.g., meeasles, varicella and tb |
| Droplet Precautions | Used for pts known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted y large infectious droplets that can be deposited on the conjunctivae or mucous membranes of a susceptible host |
| Contact Precautions | Used for patients known to have or suspected of having diseases or conditions transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment |
| Bloodborne pathogens | Infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed tissues as defined in OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Stds |
| Principal accidental risk for a phlebotomist | Is contracting a BBP from a needle stick |
| Viral survival | Practice risk minimizing procedures by disinfecting your environment- equipment, control spills, clean up. |
| 10% bleach solution | should be made every day to be used as a disinfectant |
| Examples of Blood pathogens | Babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, Hep B, C & D, HIV, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I & II, Malaria and syphilis |
| Phlebotomy means | Incision of a vein |
| First step in routine blood collection? | Correctly and positively identifying patient |
| Which acronym is not a certification agency for phlebotomists | NAACLS (National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Lab Sciences |
| Which term is evidence that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice | Certification |
| A phlebotomist must ensure that patient understands and agrees to have blood drawn by which process? | Informed Consent |
| The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of '96 regulates | Privacy of Health information |
| What should you do if a pt refuses to have their blood drawn? | Notify pts physician |
| The term informed consent means? | A patient must be informed of all intended treatments and risks before the treatment is performed |
| True statement | Phlebotomy is an ancient profession dating back at least 3500 yrs |
| Which state has led the way in state regulation of phlebotomy? | California |
| What is an additive? | A substance added in blood tests to prevent blood from clotting |
| What is an antiseptic | A solution or agent for eliminating bacteria |
| What is a bevel? | The opening of a needle |
| What is a centrifuge? | Machine used to separate blood |
| What is hematology? | Study of blood |
| What is plasma? | A blood component |
| What is hemoglobin? | RBCs that circulate in body carrying oxygen |
| What is a vein? | A blood vessel (carries blood towards the heart) |
| What is hematoma? | Blood clot under the skin |
| What is a tourniquet? | A rubber strip used to constrict or slow blood flow |
| Anticoagulant | An additive that thins out blood to prevent clotting |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body originating from the left ventricle and supplies blood to the whole body (systemic) |
| Basophils | WBCs - fights infection |
| RBCs | Erythrocytes - carry oxygen all over the body |
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | Are RBCs that form clots |
| Capillaries | The smallest of body's blood vessels; very fragile. Carry bright red or darker red depending on gas exchange |
| Coagulation | Clotting |
| Dermapuncture | Piercing of skin |
| Hemoglobin | A protein molecule in RBCs that carries Oxygen thru' out the body |
| Palpate | Feel of the skin/part of body |
| Plasma | A yellow liquid component of blood |
Created by:
Moshort
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