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Reif: SciRev/Enl

Reif: Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment (Ch22)

QuestionAnswer
Heliocentric Model Theory of the universe that states the sun is the center, and that the earth revolves around it; Most famously put forth by Copernicus & Galileo; Goes against Catholic Church’s view of the geocentric model
Scientific Method One of the main ideas to come out of the Scientific Revolution; Uses observation and experimentation to explain theories on how the universe works.
Natural Rights Developed by Enlightenment thinker, John Locke; Include life, liberty & property & it is government’s job to protect these rights
Enlightened Despots A monarch who retains absolute control of their country while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas.
Salon Gathering of intellectuals & artists in the homes of the wealthy during the Enlightenment; Helped to spread Enlightenment ideas
Baroque The Grand, ornate style of art & architecture during the 1600s & early 1700s
Philosophe An enlightened thinker in France during the Enlightenment
Secular Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer who wrote On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. Theorized that the Earth orbited the Sun (heliocentric system) and laid the foundations of modern astronomy.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian astronomer. One of the founders of Europe's scientific revolution, one of his main contributions is the application of the telescope to astronomy. He was able to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric model
Sir Isaac Newton Scientist during the Scientific Revolution; Developed new theories concerning gravity and influenced the development of the scientific method
Renee DeCartes (1596-1650) Said that human reason was capable of discovering and explaining the laws of nature and man; Idea led to the beginning of the Enlightenment; Ideas helped to formulate the scientific method
John Locke (1632-1704) English philosopher and political theorist. He wrote Two Treaties on Government which explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property, and that the purpose of government was to protect these rights.
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) Enlightenment thinker who stated that government should divide itself according to its powers, creating a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch that way each branch would Check and Balance the others
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Wrote The Social Contract, where he stated that people were basically good, and that society, and its unequal distribution of wealth, were the cause of most problems; Govt should be run according to the will of the majority
Voltaire (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
Catherine the Great An enlightened despot who ruled over Russia. She is responsible for many positive changes in Russia, as well as securing the country a warm water port.
Created by: SReif
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