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Reif: Absolutism

Reif: Age of Absolutism (Ch21)

QuestionAnswer
Divine Right of Kings The idea that European monarchs used to justify absolute rule, which states that God put a monarch in power, and therefore cannot be judged
Habeas Corpus Put in place by James II, this states that a judge/trial must decide to whether or not imprisonment is justified for a prisoner
Boyars Russian nobility
Roundheads Group of Puritans that supported the English Parliament during the English Civil War/Puritan Revolution
Cavaliers/Royalists Group that supported the English monarch during the English Civil War/Puritan Revolution
Parliament English lawmaking body
The Restoration The reestablishment of the English monarchy by Charles II following the the commonwealth that was established by Oliver Cromwell
Magna Carta Document signed in 1215 by King John of England providing certain political rights originally only to nobles but eventually extended to all; This was one of the first steps in limiting the English monarchy
Petition of Rights Document that Charles I of England was forced to sign which put rules in place making tha law higher than the king; Was ignored by Charles I
English Bill of Rights Document signed by William and Mary of Orange when they overthrew James II in the Glorious Revolution; Further limited the power of the crown and agreed that Parliament and the monarchy would work together
Palace of Versailles Built by Louis XIV (The “Sun King”); Enormous palace built as a way to show his strength, wealth and power; One of the causes for the massive debt incurred during Louis’s reign
Phillips II Spanish monarch during Spain’s golden age of conquest in the Americas; Continued persecution of heretics under the ideas of the Inquisition and Reconquista; Suffered a major naval loss against the English
Peter the Great Russian czar who tried to modernize Russia by imitating Europe—went so far as to place a tax on beards; Travelled to Europe (The Grand Embassy) to gain knowledge of the Europe lifestyle; Expanded Russian borders in an attempt to gain a warm water port
Ivan the Terrible Ruthless Russian czar known for defeating the Mongols and bringing the boyars under his control; Used secret police to keep control following the death of his wife
Louis XIV AKA, The Sun King; French monarch who brought France to its height through war and colonization; Built the Palace of Versailles; Disliked by his subjects due to high taxes and warfare
Charles I English monarch who was forced to sign the Petition of Rights but later ignored it; Leader during the English Civil War which resulted in his trial and execution
Charles II Son of Charles I who reestablished the English monarchy following the Commonwealth of England
Oliver Cromwell Puritan general during the English Civil War who helped to put Charles I on trial for treason; Following the execution of the king, Cromwell established a commonwealth and martial law
William and Mary of Orange Protestant daughter of the Catholic English king, James II, Mary & husband William (prince of the Netherlands) were asked by Parliament to overthrow James; Took control during the bloodless “Glorious Revolution;” Signed the English Bill of Rights
English Civil War War fought between Roundheads (Puritan supporters of Parliament) & Cavaliers (Supporters of the monarchy) when Charles arrested members of Parliament who limited his power; Charles was tried for treason & executed; Commonwealth was est by Cromwell
Created by: SReif
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