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Ancient Greece &Rome
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| government | a SYSTEM for controlling society |
| monarchy | a single person called a KING or MONARCH rules |
| aristocracy | a government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families |
| oligarchy | a government ruled by a few powerful people |
| democracy | rule of the people |
| direct democracy | a form of government in which citizens rule and make laws directly rather than through representatives |
| republic | a type of INDIRECT democracy |
| The Roman senate was made up of what type of people? | Patricians |
| What council did Solon create? | The Council of 400 |
| What was Cleisthenes known as? Hint: The Founder of ______ | The Founder of democracy in Athens |
| Did Cleisthenes favor the wealthy? | No, he tried to balance the power of the rich and poor |
| What council did Cleisthenes create? | The Council of 500 |
| How were members of the Counsil of 500 chosen? | Chosen at random |
| What type of government did Athens become because of Pericles? | Direct democracy |
| When did democracy end in Greece? | After a war between Athens and Sparta, the 2 city-states were left weakened. Macedonia took advantage of this and invaded/conquered them. |
| Who did Socrates teach? | Plato |
| What did Plato write? | "The Republic" |
| Who did Plato think should run the government? | philosophers, or wise men |
| Who did Plato teach? | Aristotle |
| What did Aristotle write? | "Politics" |
| What was the main idea Aristotle wrote about? | "Man is by nature a political animal; it is his nature to live in a state." |
| How did Rome become a republic? Hint: they used to have a different type of government... | Aristocrats overthrew a harsh king. |
| In the early Roman republic, who wanted power (what 2 groups of people)? | Patricians and plebeians. |
| What were the 12 Tables? | Roman laws carved by 10 officials |
| Emperor Justinian asked for something to be put together. What was it? What was it called? | ALL Roman laws. The Code of Justinian. |
| What 4 works were in The Code of Justinian? | The Code The Digest The Institutes The Novellae |
| In The Code of Jusitinian, what was the section known as The Code? | 5,000 Roman laws |
| In The Code of Jusitinian, what was the section known as The Digest? | summary of legal opinions |
| In The Code of Jusitinian, what was the section known as The Institutes? | a textbook for law students |
| In The Code of Jusitinian, what was the section known as The Novellae? | recent laws passed since 534 |
| common law | law that reflected customs and principles established over time |
| due process of law | the law had to work in known, orderly ways--the king could not punish his subjects for no reason |
| Magna Carta | a contract between the king and nobles of England, which limited the power of the English monarch. It said that the king had to govern according to law, not just however he wanted to! |
| divine right | belief that monarchs were chosen by GOD and responsible only to GOD |
| constitutional monarchy | the powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and the laws of the country |
| social contract | agreement among members of society |
| natural rights | the right to life, liberty, and property |
| separation of powers | dividing government into 3 separate branches |
| legislative branch | passes laws |
| executive branch | enforces laws |
| judicial branch | court that interprets laws OR settles disputes about them |
| representative government | govt in which citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies for them |
| federal system | powers of government are divided between federal and states governments |
| rule of law | no person is above the law |
| habeas corpus | a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal; EVIDENCE must be provided against you if you are in prison! |
| Thomas Hobbes | Enlightenment thinker; English philosopher; believed that people were naturally selfish and ambitious; believed in absolute monarchy |
| John Locke | Enlightenment thinker; English philosopher; believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property) and said that people had the right to rebel against a govt if the govt didn't protect them |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Wrote "The Social Contract;" believed in democracy; believed the government was not authentic unless the people agreed with it! |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence; based his ideas on John Locke's beliefs |
| James Madison | The Father of the Constitution; helped create the 3 branches of govt |
| Glorious Revolution | When the English king James II was overthrown (no blood loss); was replaced by William and Mary |
| Enlightenment | an 18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society |
| English Bill of Rights | formal summary of the rights and liberties believed essential to the people |
| U.S. Constitution | system in which power and responsibility are shared in a balanced way |
| U.S. Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which protect citizens' basic rights and freedoms |
| Declaration of Independence | a statement of the reasons for the American colonies' break with Britain, approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 |
Created by:
ag626
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