Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pathology in Integum
Pathology in the integumentary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Burns | tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat in the form of chemical, thermal, UV radiation, or electrical agents |
| one of the most serious threats to skin | Burn |
| leading cause of death among burn victims | Infection; Dead skin is breeding ground for bacteria; heat/water loss causes electrolyte imbalance which causes kidney failure and lose ability to protect against infection |
| Characteristics of Burns that Threaten life | Dehydration, Electrolyte imbalance, Inadequate circulation, Suppresses immune system, Infection, Open to environment, body temp regulation |
| Rule of Nines | Determines what percentage of the body surface area is burned, Estimates fluid loss; Divides body into 11 areas of 9% plus 1 area of 1% |
| Parts of the Rules of Nine | (1)head 9%, (2) right arm 9%, (3) left arm 9%, front of trunk (counts as two) 18%, back of trunk (counts as two) 18%, right leg (counts as two) 18%, left leg (counts as two) 18%, genitals = 1% |
| What percentage makes up the head | 9% |
| What percentage makes up each arm | 9% |
| What percentage makes up each side of the trunk | 18% front and back, each count as two, 36% total |
| What percentage makes up each leg | 18% both legs together make up 36% |
| What percentage makes up the genitals | 1% |
| Burns are classified according to | severity & depth |
| Critical burns | more than 25% is second degree, or more than 10% is third degree, or burns to face, hands, and/or feet |
| facial burns | associated with inhalation burns & can cause respiratory damage & swelling; limits gas exchange |
| First degree burn | red and swollen skin, only the epidermis is damaged; Temporary discomfort; Partial thickness burn; Sunburn; Regeneration of skin possible |
| Second degree burn | Injury to epidermis and upper level of dermis, skin gets Red, swollen, blisters, and painful; Partial thickness burn; Regeneration of skin possible |
| Third degree burn | Destroys entire thickness of skin “full thickness burn”; Gray-white, black color with nerves destroyed (Not painful); Regeneration not possible; Must receive skin graft |
| Skin Cancer | Most common type of cancer (CA); 1 in 5 Americans have skin CA at some point in their life |
| Greatest risk factor of skin cancer | over-exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) |
| Ways to Prevent skin cancer | Wear sunscreen & protective clothing; limit sun exposure; Annual skin checks with dermatologist |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) | Cells of stratum basale effected, Shiny, dome-shaped pearly beaded edge, Rarely metastasize (spread), slow growing, only at sun-exposed areas, requires surgical removal, easy to cure |
| Most common type of skin CA | Basal Cell carcinoma (BCC) |
| Least malignant type of skin cancer | Basal Cell carcinoma |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Arises from stratum spinosum, Scaly, shallow ulcer with firm raised border, Metastasizes to lymph nodes, Rapid growth, Sun induced, Surgically removed, Good chance of complete cure |
| Metastatic (Malignant) Melanoma | Cancer of melanocytes, Arises from pigmented mole, Metastasizes to lymph nodes or blood vessels, Rapid Spreading of brown/black patch, Extensive surgical excision, 50% chance of survival, even if removed it can grow back |
| Which skin cancer can develop into brain cancer | Metastatic (Malignant) Melanoma |
| Examination of Pigmented Areas | ABCDE; Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, elevation |
| Asymmetry(examining for skin cancer) | two sides of pigment in mole or spot do not match(examining for skin cancer) |
| border irregularity(examining for skin cancer) | borders of lesions are not smooth, have indentions(examining for skin cancer) |
| Color(examining for skin cancer) | the pigmented area contains different colors(examining for skin cancer) |
| Diameter (examining for skin cancer) | spot is >6 mm across (examining for skin cancer) |
| Elevation(examining for skin cancer) | changes in the height of skin surface(examining for skin cancer) |
| Pressure Ulcer | decubitus ulcers; Ischemic necrosis formed from prolonged external pressure over bony prominences; Tissue lacks oxygen (because no bloodflow) for long time |
| Necrosis | tissue death |
| Common areas for pressure ulcers | Sacrum, heels, ischium, hips |
| Risk factors of Pressure ulcers | Decreased ability to move, Decreased sensation (paralyzed), Decreased body fat and muscle tissue (just skin on bone), Decreased cognition, Incontinence, Amount of pressure distributed over surface area |
| Incontinence | Inability to control one’s bowels |
| Contact Dermatitis | Itching, redness, & swelling, May have blisters; Acute or chronic skin inflammation |
| Allergic responses causing contact dermatitis | Poison ivy, Latex, Soaps |
| Psoriasis | Chronic condition, auto-immune disorder that attacks tissues; Overproduction of cells Dry, scaly, cracking, red lesions that Itch and burn, Disfiguring and painful |
| What is psoriasis triggered by | stress, trauma, hormones, infections |
| Scabies | Transmissible parasitic infection; Mite burrows into stratum corneum and burrow eggs; Larva congregate around hair follicles; Associated with very poor hygiene |
| Athlete’s foot | “tinea pedis” itchy red, peeling condition of the sin between the toes, from fungal infection |
| Boils and carbuncles | inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands caused by bacterial infection (staphylococcus aureus) |
| Cold Sores | (fever blisters) fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by herpes simplex infection |
| Port Wine Stain | Also called Hemangioma, Birthmark, Very large w/ lots of vascular supply (blood vessels) so it looks very red; Hyperplasia vascular lesion of skin and subcutaneous tissue; Flat, Pink-red-purple |
| Keloid Scarring | Excessive proliferation of connective tissue during healing of open skin that causes a Large thick scar on skin surface that looks Shiny, smooth, dome-like, no prevention, can be corrected with pressure guard |
| Keloid Scarring is More common among | those with darker skin, Blacks, Middle eastern |
| Albinism | Rare, Inherited disorder, auto-somal recessive trait, Have melanocytes but Missing enzyme that makes melanocytes produce melanin, causes Pale skin, white hair, and light eyes (blue) |
| Vitiligo | Loss of brown pigment from areas of skin (depigmentation) that look like Irregular white patches caused from Melanocytes that die or are unable to function; Unknown causes either Auto-immune, Genetic, Stress, Viral |
| Allopecia | Hair loss also called Male pattern baldness |
Created by:
alechsu
Popular Anatomy sets