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AP WorldHis.chptr2
Early Societies in SW Asia and the Indo-European Migration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mesopotamia | smaller region – “land between two rivers” - Ancient Sumerians – Tigris & Euphrates |
| Fertile Cresent | A Large cresent shaped region containing moist fertile land – Middle East, SW Asia, includes - Mesopotamia, Sumerians, Akkadians, Phoenicians, Hebrews (Palestine), Babylonians, Lydians. |
| Summerians | Earliest Mesopotamian society; cuneiform, ziggurats, polytheistic. |
| Gilgamesh | Legendary king of Mesopotamian city state of Uruk.oldest creation story/epic – hero/Sumerians. |
| Cuneiform | One of the earliest forms of written expression; a system of pictographs.Wedged shaped writing symbols - Sumerians. |
| Ziggurat | Mesopotamian temples. |
| Hittites | Group that settles in central anatolia, establishes powerful kingdoms, conquers the Babylonian empire– conqueror – Fertile Crescent– Anatolia -Turkey – iron & 1st use chariots |
| Babylonians. | Mesopotamian empire with a centralized beauracracy and Law code centralized around its capital, BabyloniaAn ancient cultural region in central/ southern mesopotamia.– empire – Babylon - capital – Hammurabi Code |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god- rare in ancient world. |
| Hammurabi | Powerful Babylonian king who formulated a sophisticated law code. |
| Moses | True founder of Hebrew monotheism |
| Hammurabi's law code | 1st written law code |
| Lex talionis | "Law of retalliation" offenders suffered punishments similar to crime. |
| Sargon of Akkad | "The great king" Akkadian emporer famous for for his conquest of the summerian city-states. First conquerer to unite all of mesopotamia. |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Babylonian king, conquered Judah and Jerusalem and sent the Jews in exile. |
| Phoenicians | Ancient civillization in cannan which covered most of the fertile cresent. First alphabet. |
| Assyrians | People who built an empire that reached it's height during the 8th and 7th centuries; powerful army and a structured state. Constructed the largest empire of mesopotamian societies. |
| Indo-Europeans | Seeries of tribes who embarked on a series of migrations from India to western Europe. Moses |
| Moses | Most important prophet of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Founder of Hebrew monotheism. |
| Judaism | The monotheistic religion of the Jews having it's spiritual and etnical principals found chiefly in the Torah. |
| Yahweh | God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influenced later christianity and Islam. |
| Monotheism | Belief in only one god, a rare concept in the ancient world. |
| The most favorable environmental condition that prompted the growth of cities were what? | Rivers. |
| As population increased, Mesopotamian cities were obligated to protect the welfare of their citizens by doing what? | Expanding control to the neighboring agricultural areas. |
| While sharing the same language and customs, relations between the late Mesopotamian city-states were what? | Degenerated into constant conflict. |
| While Hammurabi's code was based on the concept of retalliation lex tallionis,it was also shaped by what? | Social class. |
| Conquering armies were dependent on new metal technology to defeat their opponents. Bronze metallurgy took the place of copper because of what reason? | Bronze is stronger than copper. |
| Later the Hittites gained an advantage over Egypt when thjey used iron technology. Iron metallurgy replaced bronze because...? | Iron was less expensive. |
| Mesopotamian long-distanced trade expanded to include most areas of the Mediterranean and parts of the Indian Ocean due to what? | The easy development of improved sailing ships. |
| Regarding social stratification, Mesopotamians were what? | divided into several distinct classes. |
| Monotheism is the cornerstone of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It developed in Mesopotamia due to what? | The cultural beliefs of a seperate ethnic group in Mesopotamia/Fertile Cresent. |
| The place of women in Mesopotamian society was...? | Legally subservientb but allowed to participate in public life. |
| What area of Mesopotamian life deeply influenced both the Phonecians and the Hebrews? | A tradition of writing that enabled both worship and trade. |
| Increased patriarchal forms of gender status to evolve in accordance with the sophistication of society. Compared with earlier communities, the high status of males may be the result of what? | The relative importance of wealth in a society. |
| The relationship between settled peoples such as Summerians and nomadic groups such as Indo-Europeans was a state of interdependency that was chiefly reliant on what? | Acceptance and adaptation of aspects of technology, religions, and social order by the nomads. |
| The first simplified alphabet, containing only twenty two letters was created by who? | Phoenicians. |
| Conditions for women in Mesopotamia...? | Grew increasingly worse over time. |
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LexxyLoveee
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