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AP WH Ch 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Subcontinent | a large, distinguishable part of a continent |
| Monsoon | a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of the Indian subcontinent, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter |
| Citadel | fortrtss; tower |
| Aryan | Indo-European-speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BCE and greatly affected Indian society, notably by establishing the caste system |
| caste | system of rigid social hierarchy in which all members of that society are assigned by birth to specific "ranks" and inherit specific roles and privileges |
| Vedas | Hind sacred writings chief among which are four books |
| Raja | prince in India |
| Varnas | Indian classes, or castes |
| Brahmin | a member of the Hindu priestly caste or class; traditionally, duties include studying Hindu religious scriptures & transmitting them to others orally |
| Brahma | one supreme, uni ssal Spirit; later, the creator god in Hinduism, part of the trinity with Vishnu the preserver and Shiva the destroyer |
| Buddhism | a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) and later spread to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |
| Reincarnation | the idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death; in Hindu and Buddhist thought, the release from this cycle is the objective of all living souls |
| Dharma | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the law t at governs the universe, and specifically human behavior |
| Karma | a fundarhental concept in Hindu philosophy, that rebirth in a future life is determined by actions in this or other live |
| Sangha | the Buddhist community of monks, novices, and laity |
| Ahimsa | the principle of nonviolence toward all living things |
| Hinduism | the main religion in India, it emphasizes reincarnation, based on the results of the previous life, and the desirability of escaping this cycle. Its various forms feature both asceticism and the pleasures of ordinary life, and encompass a multitude of god |
| Guru | teacher, especially in Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh religious traditions, where it is an important honorific |
| Meditate | to engage in quiescent spiritual introspection |
| Nirvana | in Buddhist thought, enlightenment, the ultimate transcendence from the illusion of the material world; release from the Wheel of life |
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