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History Matters Unit
Cool History Words Everyone Should Know!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolutism | principle of complete and unrestricted government power, usually in the hands of one person, a dictator or monarch |
| anarchy | a complete lack of government — or the chaotic state of affairs created by such an absence. |
| anthropology | study of past human life by examining cultures and ancestors |
| age | an era of history having some distinctive feature |
| agriculture | describes the practice of growing crops or raising animals |
| archaeology | the study of past human life using fossils and artifacts |
| artisan | skilled craftsperson ex. blacksmith |
| autobiography | an account of somebody's life written by them |
| architecture | process, or profession, of designing buildings and their environments. also refers to the product of this design and work |
| archive | collection of records containing historical records and documents |
| artifact | weapon, tool or other item made by humans in the past |
| barter | the exchange of goods without using money |
| boycott | to stop buying or using the goods or services of a certain company or country as a protest |
| census | periodic count of the population |
| century | period of 100 years |
| city-state | a city and its surrounding areas that have an independent government |
| civilization | complex society with cities, government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system |
| clergy | the clergy is the entire class of religious officials, from priests to pastors to bishops and beyond |
| colony | a group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland. |
| confederation | group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a this, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common causes |
| constitution | a statement of the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or group |
| chronological | the order in which things actually happened |
| culture | the customs and beliefs of a certain group of people or civilization |
| curator | someone who manages an art collection or exhibit at a museum |
| data | information, specifically, facts and numbers used to analyze something or make decisions |
| deity | a god or goddess, which is worshipped by people who believe it controls or exerts force over some aspect of the world. |
| deism | belief in a God who created the world but hasn’t gotten involved with people since then |
| democracy | government based on participation of the people, either directly or through elected representatives. |
| demographics | certain characteristics of a population |
| dictator | a ruler who has total control over a country, with no checks or balances to prevent abuse of power. |
| diplomacy | negotiations between nations; the art of helping groups to get along and even work together |
| document | a piece of paper that contains official information and writing |
| documentary | is a film or video examining an event or person based on facts. |
| domino effect | the consequence of one event setting off a chain of similar events (like a falling domino causing a whole row of upended dominos to fall) |
| domesticate | to tame a plant or wild animal for human use |
| dynasty | a series of leaders in the same family |
| economics | studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management. People get jobs, they make things, they sell those things, they get paid, they use that money to buy other things |
| empire | a group of countries or territories that are under the control of a single entity |
| enlightenment | education or awareness that brings change |
| entrepreneur | someone who starts a new business |
| epoch | a period of time marked by certain characteristics |
| era | a period of time distinguished by a particular character |
| exile | when a person is forced to leave their home or country |
| exports | when some exit or leaves a country, usually a product |
| fossil | old and preserved remains of a plant or animal |
| heresy | beliefs that do not agree with the official beliefs of a particular religion |
| hierarchy | describes a system that organizes or ranks things, often according to power or importance. At school, the sixth graders rule the student hierarchy |
| impeach | to charge someone with doing something wrong, specifically a high government official, such as the US president, a senator, or a Federal judge. Fortunately, very few presidents have had the dishonor of being impeached |
| immigration | process of moving into a new country to stay |
| inflation | rising cost and prices |
| intiative | taking charge, the first in a series of actions |
| imports | products shipped into a country from other places |
| irrigation | the watering of land to make it ready for farming |
| isolationist | a country that wants to distance itself from involvement with other countries. They do not get involved in trade, conflicts, or expansion |
| intolerable | impossible to put up with |
| judicial | expressing careful judgment, related to the justice system |
| jury system | a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit |
| legislative | describes the act or process of passing laws |
| literacy | the ability to read and write |
| mass media | newspapers, magazines, television, radio etc. methods used to supply information to the public |
| matrilineal | tracing family relationships or lines of descent through the female |
| migration | movement of either people or animals from one area to another |
| millenium | time span of 1000 years |
| monotheistic | beliving that there is only one god |
| monarchy | a king or queen, rules a kingdom or empire |
| myth | a story that’s told again and again and serves to explain why something is the way it is. A creation myth, for example, is a story that tells how the world came into being |
| nationalism | the belief that your own country is better than all others. love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| neglect | to leave undone or left out |
| neutrality | refuse to take sides in an argument, war, or dispute |
| nomad | a person with no permanent home who moves from place to place |
| oral history | history passed down through word of mouth and telling stories |
| paleontology | the study of the past by examining animal fossils |
| pardon | excusing a mistake or offense |
| patriarch | male leader of a group or tribe |
| perspective | the way you see something |
| poll | the counting of votes (like in an election) |
| popular sovereignty | political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people |
| prehistoric | before recorded time |
| primary | first, most important. These sources are original documents, people that actually witnessed a event |
| propaganda | the spreading of information in support of a cause (usually negative connotation) |
| province | a region within a country (in the USA, we don't have these, we are divided into states and counties instead) |
| ratification | the official way to confirm something, usually by vote |
| reformation | making changes to something with the intention of setting it back on the right path |
| refugee | someone who has left a dangerous place for a less dangerous place |
| republic | a political system where citizens have the power to elect people to represent them |
| research | investigating the facts of a certain subject and studying and recording what they learn |
| revolution | drastic and far reaching change in ways of thinking; a new development |
| rural | characteristic of an area where farming or agriculture dominates |
| schism | a split or division of a group |
| scribe | a person who makes written copies of documents. these people copied books and other things before printing was invented |
| secular | things are not religious; Anything not affiliated with a church or faith can be called this |
| secondary | not direct or immediate. these sources are written by someone who DID NOT witness a event |
| sectionalism | an interest in only one place or section |
| segregation | a system that keeps different groups separate from each other, either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws |
| social contract | an agreement among people that results in the organization of society; individual surrenders liberty in return for protection |
| socialism | political theory that promotes state ownership of industry; meant that workers and their community should control the market for what they make |
| statistics | draw conclusions about a large group of people based on information collected from a smaller group. Example; 98% of Ms. Simmons' students turned in their vocabulary on time. This is a statistic about sixth graders. |
| suffrage | a legal right to vote |
| tariff | a kind of tax on goods a country imports or exports |
| technology | ools and methods used to help humans perform tasks |
| theocracy | a religious doctrine or church rules the land |
| total war | every resource from a nation goes towards the war effort |
| totalitarianism | government has complete and absolute power over the people; ruler is usually a dictator |
| tribe | a group of people usually related by blood or marriage |
| tribune | an official elected by the people (plebians) to protect their interests (comes from Ancient Rome) |
| tribute | a sign of respect or admiration, an award to honor a person |
| tyranny | government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator that is repressive and cruel |
| urban | a city or very populated area |
| veto | a no vote that blocks a decision |
| zealot | an extremist, enthusiastic and sometimes militant supporter of a belief |
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miss_simmons_bpa
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