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LOM ch 18
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| adrenal cortex | outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
| adrenalectomy | Removal of an adreanal gland |
| adrenaline | increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| adrenal medulla | Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) | stimulates the adrenal cortex |
| adrenocorticotropin | stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones |
| adrenopathy | Disease of adrenal glands |
| aldosterone | increases salt reabsorption |
| androgen | hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | increases reabsorption of water by the kidney |
| calcitonin | decreases blood calcium levels |
| catecholamines | Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla |
| corticosteroids | Any of the hormones produced |
| cortisol | increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect |
| electrolyte | Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electolytes |
| endocrinologist | Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders |
| epinephrine | increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways. It is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction |
| estradiol | Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries |
| estrogen | Female hormone secreted by the overies and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex |
| estrogenic | Pertining to having properties simular to estrogen |
| euthyroid | Normal thyroid function |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the overies and sperm production by the testes |
| glucagon | increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose |
| glucocorticoid | Steroid that regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. |
| glycemic | Pertains to sugar in the blood |
| glycogen | An animal starch, produced from sugar by he liver |
| glycosuria | Suger in the urine |
| gonadotropin | Hormone that acts on the gonads (overies and testes) |
| growth hormone | stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue |
| homeostasis | State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body's internal environment |
| hormonal | Pertaining to hormones |
| hormone | Substance that travels tthrough the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
| hypercalcemia | Increased calcium in the blood |
| hypercalciuria | Increased calcium in the urine |
| hyperglycemia | Blood condition of increased sugar |
| hypocalcalcemia | Decreased calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | low levels of sugar in the blood |
| hypogonadism | Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth growth and sexual development |
| hypoinsulinism | low level of insulin |
| hypokalemia | low level of potassium in the blood |
| hyponatremia | Blood condition of deficiency of sodium |
| hypophysectomy | Removal of the pituitary gland |
| hypophysis | pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland (TSH) |
| hypothalamus | Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. |
| insulin | Insulin helps glucose to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen |
| luteinizing hormone | stimulates ovualation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
| mineralocorticoid | Steroid hormone to regulate mineral salts (electroltes) and water balance in the body |
| neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| norepinephrine | increases heart rate and blood pressure, nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived |
| oxytocin | Hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth |
| pancreas | Located behind the stomach. Islet cells secrete hormones from the pancreas. Also secretes enzymes via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion |
| pancreatectomy | Removal of the pancreas |
| parathormone | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
| parathyroidectomy | Removal of the parathyroid glands |
| parathyroid glands | Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland |
| pineal gland | secretes melatonin which ades in sleep and affects mood |
| pituitary gland | lacated at the base of the brain in the sella turcica weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is a half inch across |
| polydipsia | Condition of excessive thirst |
| progesterone | prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
| prolactin | promotes milk secretion |
| receptor | cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
| sella turcica | Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
| somatotropin | growth hormone |
| steroid | an organic compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin d, and certain hormones |
| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system |
| target tissue | Cells of an organ that are affected or simulated by specific hormones |
| testosterone | male hormone secreted by the testes |
| tetraiodothyronine, Thyroxine (T4) | Thyroid gland hormone containg 4 atoms of iodine; increases metabolism |
| thyroid gland | Locatesd on the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine |
| thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| thyrotropin; (TSH) | thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | increases metabolism in cells contains 3 atoms of iodine |
| vasopressin | antidiuretic hormone |
| acromegaly | Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary aftr puberty; leading to enlargement of extremities |
| Addison disease | Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex |
| adreanal virilism | Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens |
| cretinism | extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to a lack of normal physical and mental growth |
| Cushing syndrome | group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex |
| diabetes insipidus | Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
| diabetes mellitus | Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugur, starch, and fat metabolism in cells |
| dwarfism | Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| exophthalmometry | measurement of eyeball protrusion (as in graves disease) with an exophthalmometer |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyeballs |
| fasting plasma glucose | Also known as fasting blood sugar test. Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours |
| gastroparesis | loss of gastric motality |
| gigantism | Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissue |
| glucose tolerance test | is used to diagnose pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| graves disease | most common form of hyperthyroidism; resulting from an autoimmune process |
| hirsutism | excessive hair on the face and body |
| hyperinsulinism | Exsess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia |
| hyperparathyroidism | excessive production of parathormone |
| hyperthyroidism | Overactivity of the thyroid gland |
| ketoacidosis | fats are improperly burned, leading to an accumulation of ketones and acids in the body |
| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood |
| panhypopituitarism | Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland |
| pheochromocytoma | Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla |
| tetany | constant muscle contraction |
| thyroid carcinoma | cancer of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid function tests | measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream |
| thyroid scan | Scanner detects radioactivity and visulizes the thyroid gland after intravenous administration of a radioactive compound |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition of increasedasecretion from the throid gland with symptoms such as sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos |
Created by:
mscardenas
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